The sound barrier, shockwaves, sonic booms and the shock wave cone. скачать в хорошем качестве

The sound barrier, shockwaves, sonic booms and the shock wave cone.

Using animations of a plane traveling at different speeds, we see the behavior of sound waves as the speed of a plane approaches the speed of sound, encounters the sound barrier, then produces a shock wave cone during supersonic flight. 🧠 Access full flipped physics courses with video lectures and examples at https://www.zakslabphysics.com/ We start with an animation of a plane moving at Mach 0.5 or half the speed of sound, and we see the typical Doppler compression of the wave fronts in the direction of motion. This compression becomes more extreme as the speed of the plane increases to Mach 0.8, then the sound barrier forms when the plane travels at Mach 1.0: the speed of sound. The sound barrier forms because all the wave fronts pile up right in front of the plane, and this creates a high pressure region that resists the motion of the plane. If the plane has enough thrust to punch through the sound barrier, it can travel at supersonic speeds, and we take a look at the propagation of sound waves for a plane traveling at Mach 1.2. We see the formation of a shock wave cone or "Mach cone" behind the plane, and this sweeps along the ground producing a sonic boom as it passes by each point. Finally, we view an animation of a plane moving at a speed of Mach 2.0 or twice the speed of sound, and we notice that the shock wave cone has narrowed. In other words, the angle of the shock wave cone is a function of speed! Using kinematics and trigonometry, we derive a formula for the angle of a shock wave cone in terms of the speed of the plane, and we finish with a quick example of finding the angle of the shock wave cone for a speed of Mach 2.0, which turns out to be 30 degrees.