Obstructive Uropathy of the Urinary system ; Definition, Causes, Symptoms and clinical presentation скачать в хорошем качестве

Obstructive Uropathy of the Urinary system ; Definition, Causes, Symptoms and clinical presentation

Obstructive uropathy refers to the structural or functional blockage of the urinary tract, impeding the flow of urine from the kidneys to the bladder or from the bladder out of the body. This can lead to: 1. Hydronephrosis (kidney enlargement) 2. Hydroureter (ureter dilation) 3. Kidney damage or failure 4. Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) 5. Kidney stones 6. Severe pain Causes of obstructive uropathy: 1. Kidney stones 2. Tumors (e.g., bladder, prostate, or kidney cancer) 3. Enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH) 4. Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction 5. Ureteral stricture or narrowing 6. Neurological disorders (e.g., spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis) 7. Congenital anomalies (e.g., ureteral duplication, vesicoureteral reflux) Symptoms: 1. Severe pain (flank, abdomen, or groin) 2. Nausea and vomiting 3. Frequent urination 4. Weak urine stream 5. Blood in the urine (hematuria) 6. Fever and chills (with UTIs) Diagnosis: 1. Imaging tests (e.g., ultrasound, CT scan, MRI) 2. Urodynamic studies 3. Cystoscopy 4. Ureteroscopy 5. Blood and urine tests Treatment: 1. Surgical intervention (e.g., nephrolithotomy, ureteral stenting) 2. Endoscopic procedures (e.g., ureteroscopy, cystoscopy) 3. Medications (e.g., alpha-blockers, antibiotics) 4. Lifestyle modifications (e.g., increased fluid intake, pain management) Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and preserve kidney function. #renaldisease