Iran Russia Space Alliance: How Three Satellites Challenge Western Supremacy | Jeffrey Sachs скачать в хорошем качестве

Iran Russia Space Alliance: How Three Satellites Challenge Western Supremacy | Jeffrey Sachs

Iran's December 28, 2025 launch of three satellites from Russia's Vostochny Cosmodrome represents far more than routine space cooperation—it signals the emergence of an entirely parallel technological ecosystem designed to circumvent American surveillance networks and establish autonomous communication corridors spanning from the Persian Gulf to the Arctic Ocean. The Paya, Zafar-2, and Kowsar satellites, positioned in strategic 500-kilometer orbits, provide Tehran with secure communication channels for proxy coordination, intelligence collection capabilities that can monitor American military movements, and technological sovereignty that enables economic transactions to proceed entirely outside Western financial oversight. This Iran-Russia space partnership demonstrates how sustained strategic cooperation between revisionist powers can accelerate technological development in ways that traditional Western alliance structures cannot match, creating force multiplication effects that fundamentally alter regional power dynamics across the Middle East and beyond. The systematic construction of alternative space infrastructure represents patient strategic planning that transcends electoral cycles to achieve long-term objectives that conflict fundamentally with Western technological hegemony, marking another milestone in the transformation toward a multipolar technological order where Western institutional frameworks no longer determine global technological governance.