Aneutronic Fusion: Helium 3 Lesson 3 of the Aneutronic Fusion Series скачать в хорошем качестве

Aneutronic Fusion: Helium 3 Lesson 3 of the Aneutronic Fusion Series

The space industry has been held back by government neglect… but has now caught the attention of visionaries and entrepreneurs and will soon be a trillion-dollar industry. Prepare yourself to be a part of this amazing future for humanity… by studying the science of space exploration and colonization with us… All that being said…let’s get to today’s lesson…this is lesson three of our course on nuclear fusion. We have covered the basics of stellar fusion with the Astrophysics of Fusion and humanity’s attempts to date to create fusion here on Earth by Creating an Artificial Star… today we cover the importance of Helium 3 and how mining it on the Moon will change the world as we know and advance humanity beyond our dreams… Helium 3 is an isotope of helium that is rare on the Earth but a considerable component of the Sun’s mass… The sun creates fusion by using the immense gravitational energy produced by its mass to hold hydrogen atoms in close proximity at incredible pressures and temperatures while maintaining a high density for long enough periods of time to allow quantum tunneling to occur… as we see here from our previous lectures The Astrophysics of Fusion and Creating an Artificial Star… The quantum tunneling allows us to get around the long range electromagnetic force, so that the much more powerful but very short range strong nuclear force can take over…. Once the probability cloud of the nucleons allows them to appear close enough to each other to exchange gluons…they are slammed together by the strong nuclear force.. bypassing the electromagnetic force… looking again at our diagram we see that as the strong nuclear force…mediated by gluons… binds the quarks in two different protons together creating first a diproton, with the release of some energy…in the diproton… a proton will sometimes decay into a neutron creating deuterium…the deuterium fuses with another proton creating helium 3…then two helium 3 will sometimes fuse into helium 4…ejecting two protons. Not all helium 3 is fused however…the solar wind ejects massive amounts of hydrogen, helium 3 and helium 4 in the solar winds… These winds strike the Moon…which has no atmosphere or magnetic field to protect it…… the atoms of these elements embed themselves into the surface of the Moon. The Moon rotates at the same rate that it orbits the Earth… about every 27.32 days relative to the stars and every 29.53 days relative to the sun. The Moon always keeps one side facing the Earth as it has become tidally locked to the Earth over time…the Moon takes 27 Earth days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, and 12 seconds to complete one full orbit of the Earth. All this creates an average “day”, if you were on the Moon of 29 days 12 hours and 44 minutes from dawn to dawn. This all seems very confusing but just remember that this gives 14.77 days of daylight with an equal period of darkness. This means the surface of the Moon gets pummeled by solar radiation with protons, helium 3 and helium 4 penetrating into the lunar regolith. This solar radiation creates a considerable amount of secondary radiation including neutron radiation that must be considered as we explore and colonize the Moon. This means that helium 3, embedded in the surface, can be mined by processing the regolith. All we have to do to process it is heat it to 700 C and the helium will be freed. Let’s look at how helium 3 can be extracted from the Moon…how important it is to sustainable fusion…and what the future holds for this amazing resource…. Sample 75501 taken from Camelot crater was labeled and placed with the other 100 plus kilograms of lunar soil and rock to be returned to the Earth. Over the next years these samples were studied at Universities all over the world. Young engineers at the University of Wisconsin found the sample to have relatively large amounts of the isotope Helium 3 in 1985 . This discovery has profound consequences for the survival of humanity. http://fti.neep.wisc.edu/gallery/pdf/... https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/... https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/... https://www.lpi.usra.edu/decadal/leag... https://www.airspacemag.com/daily-pla... https://www.explainingthefuture.com/h... https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/201... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... https://thespacereview.com/article/53....