The X Ray Astronomy скачать в хорошем качестве

The X Ray Astronomy

X-ray astronomy Gspace - Hi Friends, Great Welcome to Our G space Education Platform. Today Let we all know the interesting information about " X-ray astronomy ” X-ray astronomy is an observational branch of astronomy that focuses on the study of celestial objects based on their X-ray emissions. These emissions are thought to come from sources that contain extremely hot matter, at temperatures ranging from a million to hundred million kelvin (K). This matter is in a state known as plasma (ionized gas), which consists of ions and electrons at very high energies. Astronomers have discovered various types of X-ray sources in the universe. They include stars, binary stars containing a white dwarf, neutron stars, supernova remnants, galaxy clusters, and black holes. Because Earth’s atmosphere absorbs most X-rays, X-ray telescopes and detectors are taken to high altitudes or into space by balloons and spacecraft. In 1949 detectors aboard sounding rockets showed that the Sun gives off X-rays, but it is a weak source, it took 30 more years to clearly detect X-rays from other ordinary stars. Beginning with the Uhuru X-ray satellite (launched 1970), a succession of space observatories carried increasingly sophisticated instruments into Earth orbit. Astronomers discovered that most types of stars emit X-rays but usually as a tiny fraction of their energy output. Supernova remnants are more powerful X-ray sources the strongest sources known in the Milky Way Galaxy are certain binary stars in which one star is probably a black hole. The Chandra X-Ray Observatory and XMM-Newton X-ray satellite have made numerous discoveries relating to the nature and quantity of black holes in the universe. X-ray Detectors CCDs : Most existing X-ray telescopes use CCD (charge-coupled device) detectors, similar to those in visible-light cameras. When an X-ray photon hits a CCD, it produces enough charge that the individual X-rays have their energies measured on read-out. Microcalorimeters : Microcalorimeters can detect X-rays only one photon at a time. This works well for astronomical uses, because there just aren't a lot of X-ray photons coming our way, even from the strongest sources like black holes. Transition Edge Sensors (TES) : In essence they are superconducting metals kept as close as possible to their transition temperature that is the temperature at which these metals become superconductors and their resistance drops to zero. These transition temperatures are usually just a few degrees above absolute zero (usually less than ten K). Explanation of X-ray emissions : In some neutron star or white dwarf systems, the star's magnetic field is strong enough to prevent the formation of an accretion disc. The material in the disc gets very hot because of friction and emits X-rays. The material in the disc slowly loses its angular momentum and falls into the compact star. Clusters of galaxies are formed by the merger of smaller units of matter, such as galaxy groups or individual galaxies. This very hot material emits X-rays by thermal bremsstrahlung emission, and line emission from "metals." "Thank you for watching this video. Don't forget to subscribe to our channel for more updates."