香格里拉“尼西黑陶”：小泥巴“捏出”大名堂Shangri-La's "Nixi Black Pottery": Small Mud "Pinched" a Great Hall of Fame скачать в хорошем качестве

香格里拉“尼西黑陶”：小泥巴“捏出”大名堂Shangri-La's "Nixi Black Pottery": Small Mud "Pinched" a Great Hall of Fame

尼西乡位于迪庆香格里拉市西北部，区位优势独特，是滇、川两省交汇处，曾作为“茶马古道”的要冲。这里以汤堆黑陶和上桥头木制工艺品为主的藏族工艺品文化形成了独特的、区域性的民风民俗。近日，“富滇银行绿色金融主题采风行动”记者团走进尼西乡，近距离体验黑陶工艺。 尼西黑陶已拥有两千多年的烧制历史，对于传统的藏族人民来说，茶杯、茶壶、火锅、火盆、烟灰缸……生活所用之物皆来自尼西黑陶。古往今来，世代以黑陶技艺为生的汤堆村人从靠烧制黑陶日用品换取衣物粮食，解决温饱，到借助迅速兴起的旅游产业，逐渐跳出“自给自足”的本地“圈子”，开始走出云南，向更为广阔的市场走去。 2008年尼西黑陶被评选为国家级非物质文化遗产后，黑陶工艺得到更广泛的社会关注，越来越多的人意识到传承好这项发端于民间、发展于民间、服务于民间的传统工艺,保持了陶瓷艺术淳朴、自然的生活气息，出于爱好、好奇、传承与保护意识等原因加入黑陶工艺的传承与保护中。 从制陶工序上看，尼西黑陶制作工序繁多，每件黑陶从开始到最终完成必须依次经过采土、晒土、冲土、筛土属料、和泥、制胚、镶瓷、阴干、磨光、烧陶、刷酸奶渣水等十几道工艺流程，历经一个月左右。从生产方式上看，汤堆村藏族的制陶方式为个体作坊式生产,制陶地点均在自己家中进行。制作时多席地盘腿坐于房间内，运用木拍、木刮、木垫、木榔头等50余件制陶工具,将一块圆底木板置于长方形案板上用左手拨动旋转,右手用陶拍拍打制胚，就这样反复拍打、加土，直至成型。而尼西黑陶没有任何模具，可以说每一件陶具都是独一无二的。 黑陶是中国藏族文化艺术的结晶，黑陶制品在不同光线下能呈现紫、靛、银等色泽，有着“黑如漆、光如玉”的美誉。美食纪录片《舌尖上的中国》“厨房的秘密”一集中，介绍过尼西乡一种能炖煮出鲜美鸡汤的黑陶锅。 尼西黑陶土鸡正是去尼西的游客不可错过的美食。当地的人们都信奉一句话：尼西鸡一定要用黑陶锅炖，味道才鲜美。正是这样的信念，成就了尼西黑陶锅的品牌形象，很多人慕名而来，甚至外省的餐饮店专门订购一批黑陶厨具，在国外喜爱黑陶的人也越来越多，信心倍增的黑陶之乡正昂首阔步走向海外市场。 “赏桃花、学做黑陶，吃着尼西鸡还可以观尼西情舞。尼西黑陶的知名度越来越高，村里修建了水泥路，汤堆村也引来了大批游客前来观摩制作黑陶。 Nixi Township is located in the northwest of Shangri-La City, Diqing. It has a unique location advantage. It is the intersection of Yunnan and Sichuan provinces. The Tibetan handicraft culture, mainly Tangdui black pottery and Shangqiaotou wooden handicrafts, has formed unique and regional folk customs. Recently, the press group of "Fundian Bank Green Finance Theme Collection Action" walked into Nixi Township to experience black pottery craftsmanship up close. Nixi black pottery has a firing history of more than 2,000 years. For traditional Tibetan people, teacups, teapots, hot pots, braziers, ashtrays... everything used in life comes from Nisi black pottery. Throughout the ages, the people of Tangdui Village, who have lived on black pottery for generations, have gradually jumped out of the "self-sufficient" local "circle" and began to walk out of Yunnan, with the help of the rapidly emerging tourism industry. to a wider market. After Nixi black pottery was selected as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008, black pottery craftsmanship received wider social attention, and more and more people realized that it was a tradition that originated in the people, developed in the people, and served the people. Craftsmanship maintains the simple and natural life atmosphere of ceramic art, and joins the inheritance and protection of black pottery crafts for reasons such as hobby, curiosity, inheritance and protection consciousness. From the point of view of pottery making process, Nixi black pottery has many production processes. From the beginning to the final completion, each black pottery must be excavated, dried, washed, sieved, mixed with mud, embryo-made, inlaid, dried in the shade, More than a dozen technological processes, such as polishing, burning pottery, and brushing yogurt residue, took about a month. In terms of production methods, the pottery-making method of the Tibetans in Tangdui Village is individual workshop production, and the pottery-making sites are all carried out in their own homes. When making more than 50 pieces of pottery tools, such as wooden bats, wooden scrapers, wooden mats, wooden hammers, etc., sit cross-legged in the room, and place a round-bottomed wooden board on a rectangular chopping board. Beat to make embryos, beat and add soil repeatedly in this way until they are formed. And Nissi black pottery does not have any mold, it can be said that each pottery is unique. Black pottery is the crystallization of Chinese Tibetan culture and art. Black pottery products can show purple, indigo, silver and other colors under different light, and have the reputation of "black as lacquer, light as jade". In the episode "The Secret of the Kitchen", the food documentary "A Bite of China" introduced a black pottery pot in Nixi Township that can cook delicious chicken soup. Nissi black clay chicken is a must-see for tourists visiting Nissi. The local people all believe in a saying: Nisi chicken must be stewed in a black pottery pot to taste delicious. It is this belief that has made the brand image of Nixi black pottery pot. Many people come here because of its name. Even restaurants in other provinces have ordered a batch of black pottery kitchen utensils. There are more and more people who love black pottery in foreign countries. Black pottery with increased confidence. Zhixiang is striding forward to overseas markets. "Watching peach blossoms, learning to make black pottery, eating Nisi chicken, and watching Nisi love dance. The popularity of Nisi black pottery is getting higher and higher. The village has built a cement road, and Tangdui Village has also attracted a large number of tourists to watch the production. Black pottery.