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Ned Nikolov discusses the physical meaning of the global mean surface temperature, addressing critiques by papers from Essex et al. (2007) and Jonathan Cohler (2025) that question its validity. Nikolov argues that these critiques misunderstand thermodynamic principles, and presents his own analysis, supported by satellite data, which shows a meaningful correlation between global mean surface temperature and energy fluxes. He emphasizes the importance of using accurate scientific principles when critiquing climate science to maintain credibility. 00:00 Introduction and Topic Overview 00:38 Questioning the Global Mean Surface Temperature 01:24 Review of Key Papers 02:23 Arguments Against Global Mean Surface Temperature 04:29 Analyzing the Validity of Temperature Averages 09:47 Kohler's Perspective on Temperature Measurement 19:03 Empirical Data and Model Comparisons 33:45 Understanding Temperature in Thermodynamics 37:49 Introduction to Temperature and Energy Concepts 38:09 Kohler's Statement and Its Flaws 38:34 Understanding Internal Energy and PV Energy 40:39 The Gas Law and Its Implications 43:08 Boltzmann Constant and Molecular Energy 44:11 Degrees of Freedom in Gas Molecules 45:06 Combining Equations for Total Energy 48:33 Temperature and Energy Relationship 49:11 Redefining Kelvin Using Boltzmann Constant 54:57 Global Mean Surface Temperature 57:55 Calculating Moon's Average Temperature 01:02:05 Latitude and Global Temperature Relationship 01:06:36 Critique of IPCC and Climate Skeptics 01:09:35 Q&A and Final Thoughts Essex et al. (2007): https://www.fys.ku.dk/~andresen/BAhom... Cohler (2025): https://www.jpands.org/vol30no4/cohle... Nikolv & Zeller (2024): https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7418/4/3/17 Open Letter to IPCC: https://tallbloke.wordpress.com/wp-co... My tweet about NASA and global average temperature being 62.45F, or between 56F and 58F, or something: https://x.com/TomANelson/status/10337... https://x.com/NikolovScience ========= Slides, summaries, references, and transcripts of my podcasts: https://tomn.substack.com/p/podcast-s... My Linktree: https://linktr.ee/tomanelson1