Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Animation | USMLE Step 1 | Pathophysiology, Dx & Treatment скачать в хорошем качестве

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Animation | USMLE Step 1 | Pathophysiology, Dx & Treatment

📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:-   / drgbhanuprakash   📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr 📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash Gastroesophageal reflux disease Animation : Etiology , Clinical features , Diagnosis , Pathology , Treatment In this high-yield animation, we make GERD unforgettable by tying the visuals directly to how Step 1 and Step 2 CK frame questions and how Western clinics manage reflux. Start with the core pathophysiology: transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations, hypotensive LES, hiatal hernia, delayed gastric emptying, and impaired esophageal clearance exposing squamous epithelium to acid and pepsin. See how refluxate injures mucosa and sensitizes visceral afferents to cause heartburn (post-prandial, supine), regurgitation, chest discomfort, globus, chronic cough, hoarseness, and asthma flares. We separate GERD vs noncardiac chest pain vs cardiac ischemia (never miss red flags), and map alarm features—dysphagia, odynophagia, GI bleeding, weight loss, iron-deficiency anemia, recurrent vomiting, age greater than 55–60 with new onset—straight to early EGD. For classic, uncomplicated symptoms, watch the diagnostic algorithm: lifestyle measures and an 8-week PPI trial; persistent/atypical cases get ambulatory pH or pH-impedance monitoring off PPI, and esophageal manometry before any antireflux surgery. We demonstrate endoscopic findings from normal mucosa to erosive esophagitis (Los Angeles grades) and Barrett’s esophagus with intestinal metaplasia, including when to biopsy, surveil, and eradicate dysplasia. Management is visual and practical. Lifestyle: weight loss (most effective), elevate head of bed, avoid late meals, individualized triggers (alcohol, chocolate, peppermint, coffee, fatty/spicy foods), smoking cessation, and medication review (CCBs, nitrates, anticholinergics). Pharmacotherapy: PPIs as first-line for healing and maintenance, H2 blockers for mild/nocturnal symptoms, alginate/antacids for on-demand relief; we cover dosing strategy (before breakfast; BID for refractory cases) and long-term safety conversations (bone, B12/Mg, C. difficile risk—balance risks vs benefits). For refractory GERD, we show how to distinguish acid, weakly acid, and nonacid reflux on pH-impedance; consider baclofen for excessive TLESRs and prokinetics only with documented gastroparesis. Surgical and endoscopic options appear side-by-side—laparoscopic Nissen/Toupet fundoplication, LINX magnetic sphincter augmentation, and TIF—with ideal candidates (objective reflux, good motility, PPI-responsive symptoms, large sliding hernia repair at time of surgery). We connect GERD to complications: peptic strictures (solid food dysphagia → dilation + high-dose PPI), Barrett’s (risk for adenocarcinoma; surveillance intervals; endoscopic eradication for dysplasia), and extra-esophageal syndromes (laryngitis, chronic cough) where reflux must be proven before invasive therapy. Special notes: pregnancy (reassurance, lifestyle, antacids/alginate, H2 blockers first, PPIs if severe) and pediatrics (physiologic reflux vs GERD impacting growth/respiratory symptoms). By the end, you’ll have a crisp, exam-ready “symptoms → risk stratify → test or treat → confirm → maintain” framework that mirrors U.S. guidelines and daily practice. #GERD #GastroesophagealReflux #USMLEStep1 #USMLEStep2CK #Esophagitis #BarrettsEsophagus #PPI #Endoscopy #pHImpedance #Manometry #HiatalHernia #NoncardiacChestPain #RefluxCough #AntirefluxSurgery #NissenFundoplication #LINX #TIF #MedicalEducationUSA #USMLEPreparation #Step2CKPrep