Stalin’s Reign of Terror: Famine, Purges & Gulag — Why Millions Died скачать в хорошем качестве

Stalin’s Reign of Terror: Famine, Purges & Gulag — Why Millions Died

Joseph Stalin (1878–1953) led the USSR with a system that placed ideology and quotas above human life. Forced collectivization, grain requisitions, the Great Purge, the Gulag forced-labor system, mass deportations, and a pervasive propaganda–censorship apparatus created a reign of fear in which millions perished—through famine, executions, forced labor, disease, and displacement. Why did millions die? Forced collectivization & grain seizures: Triggered the 1932–33 famine (notably in Ukraine), causing millions of deaths. The Great Purge (1936–38): Mass arrests, torture, show trials, and executions of officers, intellectuals, and ordinary citizens. Gulag: Harsh conditions—cold, starvation, disease, exhaustion—led to high mortality. Deportations of minorities: Chechens, Ingush, Kalmyks, Crimean Tatars, and others suffered deadly removals and settlement conditions. War & postwar policies: Harsh wartime discipline; the 1946–47 famine aggravated by drought and industrial priorities. Propaganda & censorship: Hid catastrophes and suppressed truth, denying victims names and recognition. On numbers: Scholarly estimates differ (direct vs indirect deaths, excess mortality, time windows), but a broad consensus holds: the toll reached many millions. #stalin #history #soviethistory #Holodomor #GreatPurge #gulag #humanrights #neveragain