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Here’s another original song, this time about Boudicca, Queen of the Iceni, which was a British tribe in ancient times. The song is written in Classic Latin (largely courtesy of Tacitus) and my own reconstruction of Ancient British as it might have been spoken at the time of Boudicca. Written, arranged, produced and performed by the Skaldic Bard, and performed by the wonderful Lady Skald. The song details the beginnings of the Boudican revolt (which took place around 60 AD). Tacitus writes that, among other infractions, Boudicca was flogged and her daughters were violated, spurring her to rise up against the Romans. She is said to have ridden from tribe to tribe in her famous chariot, inciting her countrymen to rebellion. Tens of thousands of rampaging Britons then sacked the Roman towns of Camulodunum (Colchester), Londinium (London) and Verulamium (St Albans). Ultimately, the rebellion was crushed decisively, but Boudicca remains a national hero of Britain for her defiance. This song is my attempt to pay homage to another one of our glorious British forebears. As usual, the music itself is entirely modern, with some ancient and some modern instruments. Some notes on the reconstructed British: To clarify, this is my own personal attempt at reconstruction of an unattested language, and while I’m confident that it should be a good approximation, it is still just my attempt. This stage of British is thought to have had a fully intact inflectional paradigm for nouns and adjectives, which was lost at some point during the transition to Late British due to apocope (the loss of final syllables, which at this point hadn’t occurred). The Gaulish language acted as a primary point of reference for some of the declensions and conjugations used here. My reconstruction differs from Proto-Celtic in two main ways, namely: 1) some syncope (loss of internal syllables) is observed (using evidence from Old Irish and archaic Welsh), and 2) I’ve incorporated light intervocalic consonant lenition, which is thought to have begun at some point during the 1st century AD. To represent these sound changes, I came up with my own orthography, using an underdot under the affected consonant (but a superdot on ‘g’ for clarity). Lenition at this stage was a purely phonological feature: a softening of consonants between vowels. This later became grammatical during the substantial syncopation and apocopation of Celtic, where the relationships between words ceased to be marked exclusively by word-final declensions. Long vowels are represented in the British by a circumflex accent (because I find it aesthetic), though these aren’t always faithfully observed due to syllable length constraints in the melody. Speakers of Celtic languages should recognise a lot of the words in this song, and their modern forms can largely be worked out by working backwards through syncope, apocope, and lenition. The name Boudicca itself is a good example: Proto-Celtic *Boudīkā - Ancient British *Bûḍîc̣a /ˈbuːðiga/ - Late British *Buðig /ˈbʉːðig/ (apocope of the final -a) - Modern Welsh Buddug /ˈbɨ̞ðɨ̞ɡ/. Anyhow, between reconstructing the British, working through Tacitus, and writing and recording the music, I actually worked on this song for months, so I do hope you enjoy it. Please like the video and let me know if you got something out of it. I really enjoy reading your comments, and I read each and every one of them. God bless! Follow me on Spotify (The Skaldic Bard): https://open.spotify.com/artist/7E7Qq... Lyrics: [Latin, x2] AVE DOMINI BRITANNIAE AVE AQUILA ROMANA ALBAM INSULAM SEMPER SUPERVOLET [Ancient British] Claḍiûs ac tanû hac rekbi ġâlâ riwassont wor trachtûs Alḅionos. Llaḍassont druwiḍes ac scâlûs, ac comberassont sûs tîrûs. [Latin] AVE DOMINI BRITANNIAE AVE AQUILA ROMANA ALBAM INSULAM SEMPER SUPERVOLET [Ancient British] Binassont me, Ḅûḍîc̣an Rîġagnan Uchsenon, ac morênṭâts câgre au ṃercâḅi ṃen. Â Alḅiû windâ! Â ṃâtronâ ṃîliânon cawaron! Roġî ṃap̣oḅo hac mercâḅo ṭowe ḅûḍi. Â c̣ombroġî esiâs inissiâs, weḍiû woreṭos olion deġowiron. Cerdoṃos dîweḍon wormeḍî Roṃanon. Angontor tîrûs henoṭaṭon! Ne woḍaṃioṃos gâlon! Weleṭe nu ṭêchtan Priṭanon! [Latin] BOUDICCA CURRU FILIAS PRAE SE VEHENS UT QUAMQUE NATIONEM ACCESSERAT ADESSE DEOS IUSTAE VINDICTAE CECIDISSE LEGIONEM, QUAE PROELIUM AUSA SIT CETEROS CASTRIS OCCULTARI AUT FUGAM CIRCUMSPICERE NE STREPITUM QUIDEM CLAMOREM NEDUM IMPETUS BRITANNORUM [Ancient British] Bûḍîc̣a! Â Priṭanî! Â ṃeṭelâ! Cantlon clusîṭor dûnoḅi! Andraste woreṭeṭû c̣aḍû! If you'd like to support my work, you can do so here: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/theskald.... Thank you for your kindness. Please do not redistribute my work without permission. Feel free to email me with any inquiries!