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F.H. Bradley | Absolute Idealist Philosophy

F.H. Bradley (1846-1924) was one of the most influential British Idealist philosophers. Bradley was an exponent of a monistic form of Absolute Idealism. His writings include Ethical Studies (1876), The Principles of Logic (1883), and Essays on Truth and Reality (1914), but perhaps his most important contribution to British Idealism was his 1893 magnum opus, Appearance and Reality. The work is divided into two books; the first being “Appearance,” and the second being “Reality.” In “Appearance,” Bradley arms himself with a single weapon—the law of non-contradiction—and proceeds to lead the reader through a pilgrim’s progress of argumentation; wherein he exposes contradictions, inconsistencies, and paradoxes embedded deep in the heart of our everyday experiences that we take to be unquestionably and absolutely real. After entering into the second book of Appearance and Reality ( i.e. “Reality”), Bradley exchanges his heavily-used battering-ram for an eidetic canvas and paintbrush, and proceeds to draft a portrait of ultimate reality. Bradley calls this ultimate reality, “the Absolute.” The Absolute is a harmonious, supra-relational whole whose contents are nothing other than sentient experience. Bradley’s arguments for monism stem from his rejection of the reality of relations. In fact, Bradley’s legacy has largely been shaped by his notorious and eponymously named “Bradley’s Regress”—something that “Analytic Philosophy” has been wrestling with for over a century. The radical conclusions of Bradley’s arguments for monism and a single “Absolute” that transcends, absorbs, and harmonizes all the finite and contradictory appearances of our universe, “with all its suns and galaxies,” earned him the title of “the Zeno of modern philosophy.” Bradley’s trenchant prose, humorous whit, and frequent polemics against empiricism, materialism, reductionism, and abstractionism blend together into an iconic and unique flavor of thought.