碘缺乏的症状有哪些 陈科 中南大学湘雅三医院 скачать в хорошем качестве

碘缺乏的症状有哪些 陈科 中南大学湘雅三医院

碘缺乏的症状有哪些 陈科 中南大学湘雅三医院 碘缺乏的症状有很多，根据年龄段分类。2015年的《中国加碘指南》是根据年龄段来分的，在所有年龄组不管成人还是儿童的共有表现是甲状腺肿大，甲状腺代偿性的增生表现为轻、中、重度的肿大，如果是重度肿大可能会压迫食管、气管及神经系统，导致吞咽、呼吸困难或声音嘶哑。甲状腺功能减退症常常表现为乏力、无力、便秘及水肿等。所有年龄组对核辐射的敏感性明显增加，在胎儿期碘缺乏会造成流产、死产、先天畸形及围产期死亡率明显增加。在新生儿期主要是表现为地方性克汀病，也叫呆小症，包括智力落后、聋哑、痉挛性瘫痪、斜视和身材矮小及死亡率明显增加。儿童和青少年主要表现为精神功能受损、体格发育迟缓，在成人表现为精神功能受损及碘性的甲状腺功能亢进症。甲状腺功能亢进症是长期缺碘后甲状腺素合成减少，促甲状腺素明显增高，这时进行补碘时很容易会造成碘性甲状腺功能亢进症。 What are the symptoms of iodine deficiency There are many symptoms of iodine deficiency, Classification by age group. The 2015 China iodization guidelines are based on age groups, Goitre is a common finding in all age groups, both adults and children, The compensatory hyperplasia of thyroid is characterized by mild, moderate and severe goiter, If it is a serious swelling, it may compress the esophagus, trachea and nervous system, Causes swallowing, breathing difficulties, or hoarseness. Hypothyroidism is often manifested as asthenia, weakness, constipation and edema. The sensitivity of all age groups to nuclear radiation increased significantly, Iodine deficiency in fetus can cause abortion, stillbirth, congenital malformation and perinatal mortality. In neonatal period, it is mainly manifested as endemic cretinism, It's also called nerdy, Including mental retardation, deafness, spastic paralysis, strabismus, short stature and mortality increased significantly. The main manifestations of children and adolescents are mental impairment and physical retardation, In adults, the symptoms are mental impairment and iodine hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by a decrease in thyroxine synthesis after a long period of iodine deficiency, Thyrotropin increased significantly, At this time, iodine supplementation is easy to cause iodine hyperthyroidism.