Insertion mechanics of the feeding apparatus of Ixodes ricinus скачать в хорошем качестве

Insertion mechanics of the feeding apparatus of Ixodes ricinus

The process of attachment of a nymphal Ixodes ricinus tick to host skin. How Ticks Get Under Your Skin http://news.sciencemag.org/plants-ani... Reference How ticks get under your skin: insertion mechanics of the feeding apparatus of Ixodes ricinus ticks Proc. R. Soc. B 22 December 2013 vol. 280 no. 1773 20131758 doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.1758 http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.or... Abstract The tick Ixodes ricinus uses its mouthparts to penetrate the skin of its host and to remain attached for about a week, during which time Lyme disease spirochaetes may pass from the tick to the host. To understand how the tick achieves both tasks, penetration and attachment, with the same set of implements, we recorded the insertion events by cinematography, interpreted the mouthparts' function by scanning electron microscopy and identified their points of articulation by confocal microscopy. Our structural dynamic observations suggest that the process of insertion and attachment occurs via a ratchet-like mechanism with two distinct stages. Initially, the two telescoping chelicerae pierce the skin and, by moving alternately, generate a toehold. Subsequently, a breaststroke-like motion, effected by simultaneous flexure and retraction of both chelicerae, pulls in the barbed hypostome. This combination of a flexible, dynamic mechanical ratchet and a static holdfast thus allows the tick to solve the problem of how to penetrate skin and also remain stuck for long periods of time. Data Supplement Video http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.or...