WHAT IS COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE ?: CONCEPT OF COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE скачать в хорошем качестве

WHAT IS COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE ?: CONCEPT OF COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

This lecture is dedicated to students and learners those are eager to know the concept of computer architecture or computer organization. By seeing this lecture you will be able to understand the concept of computer architecture or computer organization. how both are different but works together to provide output. Computer architecture is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a computer system. It is a functional description of requirements and design implementations for the various parts of a computer. It is the science and art of selecting and interconnecting hardware components to create computers that meet functional, performance and cost goals. It deals with the architectural attributes like physical address memory, CPU and how they should be designed and made to coordinate with each other. Analogy: “building the design and architecture of house” – architecture may take more time due to planning and then organization is building house by bricks or by latest technology keeping the basic layout and architecture of house in mind. Computer architecture comes before computer organization. Computer organization (CO) is how operational attributes are linked together and contribute to realize the architectural specifications. CO encompasses all physical aspects of computer systems e.g. Circuit design, control signals, memory types. Computer Architecture : 3 types of parameter: System Design: This includes all hardware components in the system, including data processors aside from the CPU, such as the graphics processing unit and direct memory access. It also includes memory controllers and miscellaneous things like multiprocessing and virtualization. Instruction Set Architecture (ISA): This is the embedded programming language of the central processing unit(CPU). It defines the CPU's functions and capabilities based on what programming it can perform or process. This includes the word size, processor register types, memory addressing modes, data formats and the instruction set that programmers use. Micro-architecture: It defines ,the data paths, data processing and storage elements, as well as how they should be implemented in the ISA ? Addressing modes are an aspect of the instruction set architecture(ISA) in CPU designs. The various addressing modes are defined in a ISA that define “ how machine language identify the operand of each instruction”. Purpose : To reduce the number of bits in addressing field of instruction. In computer architecture, Addressing modes are the manner or way to access or specify the data. “ The way in which “operand of an instruction is specified”. “The technique for specifying the address of an operands are known as Addressing Modes”. It works like a pointer that indicate the data/ operand location in memory / register. The addressing mode specifies a rule for interpreting or modifying the address field of an instruction. The operation field of an instruction specifies the operation to be performed. The way , the operands are chosen during program execution is dependent on the addressing mode of the instruction.