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Facial Nerve

Nuclei: Motor, Superior salivatory (parasympathetic), Sensory nuclei(Nucleus solitarius for taste and spinal trigeminal for general sensation) Branches of Facial Nerves: Muscular to facial muscles, stylohypoid, posterior belly of digastric, occipitalis and stapedius Parasympathetic branches: chorda tympani joins lingual to reach to submandibular ganglion and postganglionic fibers supply submandibular, and sublingual glands, Greater superficial petrosal to sphenopalatin ganglion and postganglionic branches distributed to lacrimal, palatine, and nasal glands through branches of V2 Chorda tympani also carries taste sensation from the anterior 2/3 of tongue. Upper and Lower Motor Facial Nerve Paralysis Upper paralysis (due to lesion above the level of the motor nucleus such as in cerebral cortex or corticobulbar fibers) causes contralateral paralysis of lower face muscles Lower motor paralysis (due to injury of the nucleus, nerve fibers or muscles) causes ipsilateral paralysis of the upper and lower face)