General Anatomy (Part 5) JOINTS - Fibrous Joints, Cartilaginous Joints & Synovial Joints скачать в хорошем качестве

General Anatomy (Part 5) JOINTS - Fibrous Joints, Cartilaginous Joints & Synovial Joints

📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:-   / drgbhanuprakash   📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr 📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash Fibrous Joints Definition Fibrous joints, also known as synarthroses, are joints where adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide minimal movement and are highly stable. Types of Fibrous Joints Sutures: Found in the skull, sutures are immovable joints where bones are tightly interlocked with thin layers of fibrous tissue. They provide strength and protection to the brain. Syndesmoses: These are joints where bones are connected by ligaments or interosseous membranes, allowing limited movement. Examples include the distal tibiofibular joint. Characteristics: Minimal Movement: Fibrous joints allow very limited or no movement, ensuring stability and protection. Strong Connection: The fibrous connective tissue between bones is dense and strong, providing stability and support. Clinical Significance: Fontanelles: Fontanelles, or soft spots, in infants represent areas of incomplete ossification between the bones of the skull. They allow for the flexibility required during childbirth and rapid brain growth in early infancy. Cartilaginous Joints Definition: Cartilaginous joints, or amphiarthroses, are joints where bones are united by cartilage. These joints allow limited movement and provide structural support. Types of Cartilaginous Joints: Synchondroses: Found in growing bones, synchondroses are joints where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. An example is the epiphyseal plate in long bones. Symphyses: Symphyses are joints where bones are connected by fibrocartilage. They provide strength and flexibility. Examples include the pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs. Characteristics: Limited Movement: Cartilaginous joints allow slight movement, primarily to absorb shock and provide flexibility. Structural Support: The cartilaginous tissue provides structural support and helps in distributing forces across the joint. Clinical Significance: intervertebral Discs: Intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers between vertebrae and provide flexibility to the spine. Conditions like herniated discs can lead to pain and neurological symptoms. Pubic Symphysis: The pubic symphysis allows slight movement during childbirth and provides stability to the pelvis. Synovial Joints Definition: Synovial joints, or diarthroses, are the most common and freely movable type of joints in the body. They are characterized by the presence of a synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid. Components of Synovial Joints Articular Cartilage: Covers the articulating surfaces of bones, reducing friction and allowing smooth movement. Synovial Membrane: Lines the inner surface of the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid, lubricating the joint and nourishing the articular cartilage. Joint Cavity: Filled with synovial fluid, which reduces friction and provides nutrients to the cartilage. Joint Capsule: Surrounds the joint and provides stability. It consists of an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane. Ligaments: Fibrous bands that reinforce the joint capsule and help stabilize the joint. **Bursae**: Fluid-filled sacs located near synovial joints, which reduce friction between tendons and bones. Types of Synovial Joints Hinge Joint: Allows movement in one plane (e.g., elbow joint). Ball and Socket Joint: Allows movement in multiple planes, including rotation (e.g., shoulder joint, hip joint). Pivot Joint: Allows rotational movement around a central axis (e.g., atlantoaxial joint). Condyloid Joint: Allows movement in two planes (e.g., wrist joint). Saddle Joint: Allows movement in multiple planes with opposing surfaces resembling a saddle (e.g., carpometacarpal joint of the thumb). Gliding Joint: Allows sliding or gliding movements between bones (e.g., intercarpal joints). Characteristics Freely Movable: Synovial joints allow a wide range of movement, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction. Complex Structure: Synovial joints have a complex structure involving various components that work together to ensure smooth movement and stability. Synovial Fluid: Synovial fluid lubricates the joint surfaces, reducing friction and providing nutrients to the cartilage. Clinical Significance: Osteoarthritis: Degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of articular cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Autoimmune disease that affects synovial joints, causing inflammation, pain, and eventually joint deformity. Joint Dislocation: Displacement of the articulating surfaces of bones within a joint, often resulting from trauma or injury. Synovitis: Inflammation of the synovial membrane, causing joint swelling, pain, and stiffness.