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Carotid Artery Disease

Carotid artery disease is a condition where the carotid arteries, which are the major blood vessels in your neck that supply blood to your brain, become narrowed or blocked. This narrowing is often due to a build-up of fatty deposits, known as plaque, which can reduce blood flow to the brain and increase the risk of stroke. Key points about carotid artery disease: 1. Symptoms: Many people with carotid artery disease experience no symptoms until a stroke occurs. However, some might have transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), which are sometimes called mini-strokes. Symptoms of a TIA can include sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body, sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or loss of vision. 2. Diagnosis: To diagnose carotid artery disease, doctors typically use imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT angiography, or MR angiography to visualize the extent of the blockage or narrowing in the carotid arteries. 3. Treatment: Treatment may involve lifestyle changes, medications to manage risk factors (like high blood pressure and cholesterol), and, in more severe cases, surgical interventions. How vascular surgeons help: 1. Carotid Endarterectomy: This is a surgical procedure to remove the plaque from the carotid artery to restore normal blood flow. The surgeon makes an incision in the neck, accesses the carotid artery, removes the plaque, and then closes the artery with a patch or sutures. 2. Carotid Artery Stenting: This is a less invasive procedure where a small tube (stent) is inserted into the carotid artery to keep it open. This procedure is typically done through a small incision in the groin or wrist and involves guiding the stent to the carotid artery with the help of imaging techniques. 3. Monitoring and Follow-Up: Vascular surgeons also monitor patients before and after surgery to ensure that the treatment is effective and to manage any complications. They may work closely with other healthcare providers to ensure comprehensive care. The choice between endarterectomy and stenting often depends on various factors, including the severity of the disease, the patient's overall health, and specific anatomical considerations.