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Super phosphoric acid

Introduction to Superphosphoric Acid (SPA) Superphosphoric acid (SPA) is a highly concentrated, viscous liquid containing a mixture of polyphosphoric acids. It's produced by thermally concentrating regular phosphoric acid (H3PO4), which removes water and links the H3PO4 molecules together into longer chains. This process increases the concentration of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) from about 52-54% in conventional phosphoric acid to 68-76% in SPA. The high concentration makes it a more cost-effective raw material for producing high-grade fertilizers, as it reduces shipping and storage costs. Reactions to Obtain High-Grade Fertilizers Superphosphoric acid's primary use in the fertilizer industry is its reaction with ammonia to produce ammonium polyphosphates (APP), a key component of high-grade liquid fertilizers. Unlike the reaction with conventional phosphoric acid, which yields monoammonium phosphate (MAP) or diammonium phosphate (DAP), the reaction with SPA is more complex and results in a mixture of polyphosphates. The general reaction is the ammoniation of SPA, which is highly exothermic (releases heat). This reaction is carefully controlled in a reactor to form a stable, liquid fertilizer. The final product, 10-34-0 or 11-37-0 liquid fertilizer, is a prime example of a high-grade product derived from this process. These numbers represent the percentage of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) respectively. Benefits and Uses of SPA-Based Fertilizers The fertilizers produced from superphosphoric acid offer several significant advantages over traditional solid fertilizers. 1. High Nutrient Concentration: As SPA has a high P2O5 content, the resulting liquid fertilizers are also highly concentrated. This means less volume is needed to deliver the same amount of phosphorus to crops, which is efficient for application and reduces transportation costs. 2. *Increased Nutrient Availability: Polyphosphates in the fertilizer act as chelating agents, which means they can bind to micronutrients like zinc, iron, and manganese in the soil. This prevents them from becoming insoluble and unavailable to the plant roots, thus improving the overall nutrient uptake. 3. Versatility and Ease of Use: Liquid fertilizers are highly versatile. They can be applied through various methods, including drip irrigation systems, foliar sprays, and fertigation (combining fertilizer with irrigation water). This precise application method reduces nutrient waste and environmental runoff. 4. Compatibility: SPA-based liquid fertilizers can be easily blended with other nitrogen and potassium sources to create custom NPK formulations tailored to specific crop needs and soil conditions. This allows for the production of a wide range of fertilizer grades. In conclusion, superphosphoric acid is a crucial intermediate in the production of high-grade liquid fertilizers. Its high concentration and the unique properties of the resulting polyphosphates make it a superior choice for modern, precision agriculture, leading to improved nutrient efficiency and higher crop yields. #farming #botany #agriculture #chemistry #phosphorous #fertilizerexpert #fertilizer