Structure and function of nephron class 12| Overview of nephron MDCAT Biology скачать в хорошем качестве

Structure and function of nephron class 12| Overview of nephron MDCAT Biology

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood. Here's a detailed overview of its structure: Components: 1. _Renal corpuscle_: _Glomerulus_: A cluster of capillaries that filters blood. _Bowman's capsule_: A cup-like structure that surrounds the glomerulus. 2. _Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)_: A long, winding tube that reabsorbs nutrients and water. 3. _Loop of Henle_: A U-shaped tube that concentrates or dilutes urine. 4. _Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)_: A shorter, winding tube that fine-tunes electrolyte balance. 5. _Collecting duct_: A tube that collects urine from multiple nephrons and transports it to the renal pelvis. Structure: 1. _Glomerulus_: Capillaries with tiny pores (fenestrae) that allow filtration. 2. _Bowman's capsule_: A double-walled structure with a visceral layer (podocytes) and a parietal layer. 3. _PCT_: Microvilli on the luminal surface increase surface area for reabsorption. 4. _Loop of Henle_: Thin descending limb and thick ascending limb with different transport mechanisms. 5. _DCT_: Fewer microvilli, with a focus on electrolyte transport. 6. _Collecting duct_: Simple epithelium with a focus on water reabsorption. Functions: 1. _Filtration_: Glomerulus filters blood, creating filtrate. 2. _Reabsorption_: PCT reabsorbs nutrients, water, and electrolytes. 3. _Concentration_: Loop of Henle concentrates or dilutes urine. 4. _Electrolyte balance_: DCT fine-tunes electrolyte levels. 5. _Urine formation_: Collecting duct collects and transports urine. #structureofnephron