Inscriptions of Darius I, the Great, Bistoon, Kermanshah 360° 4K скачать в хорошем качестве

Inscriptions of Darius I, the Great, Bistoon, Kermanshah 360° 4K

IRAN/Kermanshah/Bistoon/ Location: 34°23′26″N 47°26′9″E The Behistun (also spelled Bisotoun, Bistoon, Bisitun, Bisutun) Historic Site is located in the northwest Iranian province of Kermanshah on a branch of the Aryan Trade Roads (also called the Silk Roads), a portion of which became the Royal Road of Darius I, the Great. Within the site is Mount Behistun along whose side is carved the famous rock relief of Darius. The branch of the Aryan trade roads that passes below Mount Behistun runs between Ekbatana / Hamadan and Kermanshah city. Across the road from the monument is a caravanserai. The historic site covers 116 hectares and has located within it sixteen historical monuments. Some of these monuments include the Darius reliefs and inscriptions that can be seen towering above the base of Mount Behistun. The site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2006. According to George Rawlinson in his book The Seven Great Monarchies, Vol. 3, Media, "This remarkable spot, lying on the direct route between Babylon and Ecbatana, and presenting the unusual combination of a copious fountain, a rich plain, and a rock suitable for sculptures must have early attracted the attention of the great monarchs who marched their armies through the Zagros range, as a place where they might conveniently set up memorials of their exploits." The principle rock relief and accompanying inscriptions at Behistun are those commissioned by Darius I, the Great (522-486 BCE). The reliefs and inscriptions which are a hundred meters above ground level on a limestone cliff are approximately 15 meters high by 25 meters wide in size. The relief and inscriptions chronicle for the main part the court intrigue and rebellions that Darius had to contend with in his ascension to the throne and the many rebellions that broke out all across the Persian empire shortly after he assumed the throne. The inscriptions have the same text written in three languages, Old Persian, Elamite, and Babylonian, using the cuneiform script, causing some to call the Behistun inscriptions the Persian Rosetta Stone - the 196 BCE Rosetta Stone being the ancient Egyptian stone inscriptions of a passage in three scripts: two in Egyptian language hieroglyphics and Demotic scripts, and one in Classical Greek. Babylonian, one of the languages used in the Behistun inscriptions, is a later form of Akkadian and the inscriptions helped to increase our understanding of Babylonian and thereby Akkadian. Indeed, the cross-references help to provide a better understanding of all the languages employed in the inscription. Darius mentions in the inscriptions at Behistun that he had copies of the inscription written on parchment and distributed throughout the empire. A copy of the inscription written in Aramaic has indeed been found on the island of Elephantine on the upper Nile near the city of Aswan in Egypt. The Old Persian text consists of 414 lines of text placed in five columns. The Elamite text consists of 593 lines of text placed in eight columns, while the Babylonian text consists of 112 lines. The figures in the rock carvings are identified by inscriptions next to them. Facing the king, are nine men tied together with a rope around their necks and their hands tied behind their backs. They are rebels defeated by Darius and identified (from closest to Darius to the farthest) as Achina the Elamite, Nidintu-Bel the Babylonian, Martiya the Elamite, Fravartish (Phraortes) the Mede, Cisantakhma (Tritantaechmes) the Sagartian, Frada the Margin (Margush), Vahyazdata the Persian (another individual who claimed to be Bardiya/Smerdis), Arakha the Armenian, and Skunkha the Saka. The noblemen behind Darius are two of his six co-conspirators, Vidafarna (Intaphrenes, carrying a bow) and Gaubaruva (Gobryas, holding a lance). The king's lance carrier was one of the most important court titles and positions. The same can be assumed for the bow carrier. One of the prisoners appears to have been added after the others were completed. Darius' beard was either repaired or also added at a later date since it is carved on a separate block of stone and attached to the main relief with iron pins and lead.