Network Performance: Bandwidth, Throughput, Latency (delay), Bandwidth-delay Product, Jitter скачать в хорошем качестве

Network Performance: Bandwidth, Throughput, Latency (delay), Bandwidth-delay Product, Jitter

NETWORK PERFORMANCE MEASURES 1) NETWORK PERFORMANCE – DEFINITION Network performance refers to how efficiently a network transmits data. It is evaluated using parameters such as bandwidth, throughput, latency, bandwidth-delay product, and jitter. -------------------------------------------------- 2) BANDWIDTH Definition: Bandwidth is the maximum data-carrying capacity of a network or communication channel per unit time. Unit: Bits per second (bps) Types: Analog Bandwidth: Measured in Hertz (Hz) Digital Bandwidth: Measured in bps Example: A 100 Mbps internet connection has a bandwidth of 100 million bits per second. -------------------------------------------------- 3) THROUGHPUT Definition: Throughput is the actual amount of data successfully transmitted over a network per unit time. Unit: Bits per second (bps) Key Point: Throughput is always less than or equal to bandwidth. Causes of Reduced Throughput: Network congestion Errors and retransmissions Hardware limitations Example: On a 100 Mbps link, actual throughput may be 70 Mbps. -------------------------------------------------- 4) LATENCY (DELAY) Definition: Latency is the total time taken for a data packet to travel from sender to receiver. Unit: Milliseconds (ms) Components of Latency: 1. Transmission Delay – time to put bits on the link 2. Propagation Delay – time for signal to travel through medium 3. Processing Delay – time to process packet 4. Queuing Delay – time spent waiting in queue Formula: Total Delay = Transmission + Propagation + Processing + Queuing -------------------------------------------------- 5) BANDWIDTH-DELAY PRODUCT Definition: Bandwidth-delay product represents the amount of data that can be in transit in the network at a given time. Formula: Bandwidth-delay product = Bandwidth × Round Trip Time (RTT) Unit: Bits or Bytes Example: Bandwidth = 10 Mbps RTT = 100 ms BDP = 10,000,000 × 0.1 = 1,000,000 bits Significance: Indicates buffer size requirement Important for high-speed networks -------------------------------------------------- 6) JITTER Definition: Jitter is the variation in packet delay over time. Cause: Network congestion Variable routing paths Queue variations Effect: Poor voice and video quality Packet loss in real-time applications Example: VoIP calls with fluctuating delays causing broken audio. -------------------------------------------------- 7) DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BANDWIDTH AND THROUGHPUT -------------------------------------------------- Bandwidth: Maximum capacity Theoretical value Throughput: Actual achieved rate Practical value