Esophageal Carcinoma | Complications скачать в хорошем качестве

Esophageal Carcinoma | Complications

Esophageal Carcinoma is an important topic because at present, esophageal cancer is the 6th most common cancer globally. So regardless of where you are studying or practicing, you are likely to come across a case at some point. So, let us learn all the details about Esophageal Carcinoma. We are going to look over the esophageal carcinoma risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, differentials, management, and operative complications! ▬ 📌 What is Esophageal Carcinoma? So, when talking about Esophageal carcinoma (Esophageal malignancies), we are talking about Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma tends to affect the upper 2/3rds of the Esophagus Esophageal Adenocarcinoma tends to affect the lower 1/3rd part of the Esophagus Really, both could technically be talked about in separate pathology lectures but there is a lot of common ground between the two. ▬ 📌 Esophageal Carcinoma Clinical Features Let us list down the Clinical Presentation of esophageal carcinoma so that it would be easier for you to identify such patients! 🔹Dysphagia 🔹Vomiting 🔹Persistent Regurgitation 🔹Odynophagia 🔹Retrosternal Discomfort 🔹Weight loss 🔹Coughing 🔹Stridor 🔹Choking 🔹Hoarseness 🔹Cervical Lymphadenopathy ▬ 📌 Esophageal Carcinoma Diagnosis Well, given the advances in modern medicine, we have a range of techniques we can resort to to diagnose Esophageal Carcinoma: Let us discuss all the possible modalities of Esophageal Carcinoma diagnosis. We will also look at why they are used and their possible limitations. 🟠 Barium Swallow – shows us a “shouldering sign.” 🟠 Endoscopy - the first line investigation. 🟠 CT (Computed Tomography) –can give us some clues about the extent of the local tumor 🟠 Esophageal Ultrasound – This is a pretty nifty procedure useful in telling us the depth of the invasion. 🟠 Bronchoscopy - might show signs of extension into the airway structures, especially imp for upper and middle third tumors. 🟠 Laparoscopy - a little drastic technique, but can be used to identify peritoneal disease, particularly important for intrabdominal esophageal carcinoma 🟠 MRIs (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) - also good for looking for distal metastasis 🟠 PET (Positron Emission Tomography) Scans – PET is a relatively new modality, it shows us“the hotspots”, that they talk about in all those medical shows you watch on TV. ▬ 📌 Esophageal Carcinoma Staging The famous TNM Classification is used for the staging and management of esophageal carcinoma. TNM stands for: 👉 T – Refers to Primary Tumor It has 5 stages according to the spread of the tumor in the local territories of that area. 👉 N – Nodes It has 4 stages N0 being the least amount of nodular involvement while N3 being the highest! 👉 M – Metastasis It contains two classes either there is development of metastasis (M1) or not (M0). A detailed walkthrough of these staging is given inside the CA esophagus ppt so do not forget to check that out! ▬ 📌 Management of Esophageal Carcinoma When talking about the management of esophageal carcinoma, there is no greater treatment than performing esophagogastrostomy on the patient so that the tumor will not spread to other sites. Esophagectomy ICD 10 guidelines have provided us with 3 types of esophagectomy. Let us discuss them even further: 👉 Ivor Lewis Surgery Ivor Lewis procedure involves midline incision and right thoracotomy 👉 McKeown Esophagectomy It is the same as Ivor Lewis with the addition of an incision in the neck 👉 Trans hiatal Esophagectomy The incision in the neck and midline incision is done in this procedure CA esophagus PPT will help you learn about them more precisely! ▬ 📌 Palliative care in Esophageal Carcinoma The following steps are followed to maintain palliation in 4th stage Esophageal Carcinoma patients, that are namely: 🔹Stenting to expand the esophagus 🔹Laser to break the tumor 🔹Ethanol injection 🔹Chemotherapy includes Cisplatin and 5 Fluorouracil 🔹Radiotherapy ▬ 📌 Esophageal Carcinoma Complications The following Complications should be accounted for while performing any type of esophagectomy: 🔵 Hemorrhage 🔵 Infection 🔵 Pulmonary complications, which could be things like pneumonia, atelectasis, which means collapse, ARDS, empyema 🔵 Leakage from the anastomosis site 🔵 Injury to the thoracic duct which could precipitate chylothorax and chyloperitoneum 🔵 Diaphragmatic hernias are also a potential complication 🔵 Injury to neighboring structures like the recurrent laryngeal nerve 🔵 Benign anastomotic strictures That was all about the Esophageal Carcinoma. ▬ 🎬 5500+ sqadia.com Medical Videos ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 👩🏻‍⚕️ Accessible Medical Student Education 24/7/365 💡 Simplifying Medical Learning 💪 Study Hard, Dream Big, Achieve More