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#PediatricAneurysms #KidsVascular #VascularSurgery #RutherfordsVascular #MedicalEducation #GeneticVascular #InflammatoryVascular #AorticAneurysm #ArterialAneurysm #LimbSalvage #EndovascularKids This video provides a deep dive into paediatric aortic and arterial aneurysms, drawing from Rutherford's Vascular Surgery textbook. These are rare but serious conditions involving bulges or weak spots in blood vessel walls, presenting unique challenges due to patient growth. Defining 'normal' vessel size requires considering age, gender, location, and body size. Pediatric aneurysms are considered dangerous due to rupture and thrombosis risk, often requiring early intervention. Causes fall into categories: genetic, developmental/idiopathic, infectious, inflammatory, and traumatic. Genetic syndromes like Marfan (aortic root, fibrillin defect), Loeys-Dietz (panvascularopathy, TGF pathway), Vascular Ehlers-Danlos (collagen 3, fragile vessels), and Tuberous Sclerosis (dysplastic changes) are significant causes, each with specific characteristics and risks. Infectious aneurysms, often linked to umbilical artery catheters and Staphylococcus bacteria, require careful infection control before prosthetic repair. Inflammatory causes include Takayasu aortoarteritis (affecting aorta and branches, older kids) and Kawasaki disease (systemic, can affect aorta/peripheral arteries, younger kids). Traumatic pseudoaneurysms can result from deceleration injuries. Treatment is often complex and highly personalised, prioritising open surgical techniques like aneurysmectomy with grafts (often oversized for growth) or bypasses, especially when branch arteries are involved. Endovascular repair has a limited but growing role, primarily for traumatic pseudoaneurysms in older teens or emergencies. Challenges include fragile vessels, potential need for repeat procedures due to growth, and managing associated conditions. Non-aortic aneurysms in areas like the neck, abdomen (splanchnic, renal), and extremities also have location-specific risks and treatments (embolization, ligation, reconstruction). Multidisciplinary care involving vascular surgeons, radiologists, anaesthesiologists, and others is essential. Mandatory long-term follow-up is crucial, as many children require subsequent interventions.