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NASA's Unpressurized Lunar Lander

Langley Research Center Unpressurized Crew Transport with Surface Habitat: 0605-LLPS-LaRC-2 This was a two-stage lander that incorporated unique, dockable rear-entry space suits for a crew of four on an unpressurized ascent stage. The ascent stage mission was designed for a nominal surface stay time of 7 days, and a return payload capacity of 100 kg (220 lbm). Descent Stage Power The descent stage carried oxygen-hydrogen fuel cells for primary power; total peak power required by descent stage (when active) = 4.0 kW; total peak power required by descent stage (when inactive) = 500 W. Propulsion The propulsion system had three LOX/LH2 descent engines that operated at an Isp of 459.7 sec. The engine thrust was 31.1 kN (7,000 lb). Oxygen boil-off was estimated to be at 1.2% per month and hydrogen boil-off was estimated to be at 4.3% per month. Descent delta-v: 1,900 m/s (6,233 ft/s) Structures The baseline primary structural material was aluminum 2024 or similar. There were two oxidizer tanks/four fuel tanks; The landing structures made up 3.3% of the total mass to be landed. Environmental Control and Life Support System Standard ECLSS in pressurized habitat; 13.2 m3 (466 ft3) total habitable volume; 3.3 m3 (116.5 ft3) habitable volume per crew member; 14.2 m3 (500 ft3) total pressurized volume. Down Payload 500 kg (1,100 lbm) Surface Stay Time 7 days Nominal Descent and Low Lunar Orbit Loiter Duration 7 days Low Earth Orbit Loiter Duration 95 days Guidance Navigation & Control RCS Cluster (x4) Ascent Stage Ascent stage carried Li-ion batteries for primary power during ascent; total peak power required by ascent stage = 1.0 kW Propulsion There were four NTO/MMH ascent engines rated for operation at an Isp of 332.5 sec. The propulsion system provided a thrust of 11.1 kN (2,500 lb). Thrusters were initially gimballed out to avoid damaging the habitat (which could be reused on a future mission or as part of an outpost). Ascent delta-v: 1,889 m/s (6,197 ft/s) Structures Aluminum 2024 or similar. There were two oxidizer tanks/two fuel tanks. Environmental Control and Life Support System Nominal life support was to be provided by the Extravehicular Activity (EVA) suits. Up Payload 100 kg (220 lb) Surface Stay Time 7 days Nominal Ascent Duration 3 hours Source: After LM NASA LUNAR LANDER CONCEPTS BEYOND APOLLO John F. Connolly, Editor