Comparative study of phylum animal kingdom | скачать в хорошем качестве

Comparative study of phylum animal kingdom |

Comparative study of phylum animal kingdom | #class11th & #neetpreparation | Omega Pro Classes |Prof Sanjeev Sir For Offline classes Contact +91 7070960095 +91 62066 09241 The animal kingdom (Kingdom Animalia) is classified into several phyla based on body organization, symmetry, coelom, and embryonic layers, ranging from simple multicellular sponges (Porifera) to complex vertebrates (Chordata). Key trends include the evolution from asymmetry to radial/bilateral symmetry, acoelomate to coelomate bodies, and cellular to organ-system levels. Porifera (Sponges): Cellular level organization, asymmetrical, no true tissues, sessile. Cnidaria (Jellyfish, Hydra): Tissue level, radial symmetry, diploblastic, gastrovascular cavity. Platyhelminthes (Flatworms): Organ level, bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, acoelomate, often parasitic. Nematoda (Roundworms): Pseudocoelomate, cylindrical body, free-living or parasitic. Annelida (Earthworms, Leeches): Metameric segmentation, true coelom, closed circulatory system. Arthropoda (Insects, Crustaceans): Largest phylum, jointed appendages, exoskeleton, tagmatization (head, thorax, abdomen). Mollusca (Snails, Octopi): Soft-bodied, usually with a shell, muscular foot, visceral mass. Echinodermata (Starfish): Radial symmetry (adults), water vascular system, marine. Chordata (Vertebrates, etc.): Notochord present, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, post-anal tail. Key Evolutionary Trends Body Plan: Evolution from non-segmented (Porifera) to segmented bodies (Annelida, Arthropoda). Coelom: Development of a true body cavity (coelom) provides space for organ development, absent in Platyhelminthes and present from Annelida onwards. Symmetry: Shift from asymmetrical (Porifera) to radial (Cnidaria) and finally bilateral (Platyhelminthes-Chordata). Reproduction: Generally sexual, with some asexual capabilities in lower invertebrates.