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⸻ A Demonstration of Diaphragmatic Hernia in Buffalo By Dr. Umar Khan 1. Introduction: Diaphragmatic hernia in buffaloes is a common condition, especially in heavy breeds like Murrah or Sahiwal crossbreds. It involves the abnormal displacement of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity through a defect or tear in the diaphragm. This condition is more common in female buffaloes due to repeated pregnancies and strain. 2. Etiology (कारण): • Chronic indigestion and tympany (gas accumulation) • Recurrent trauma or increased intra-abdominal pressure • Congenital defects (rarely) 3. Clinical Signs (लक्षण): • Chronic tympany (barrel-shaped abdomen) • Intermittent or continuous bloat • Difficulty in breathing (dyspnea) • Reduced feed intake and milk production • Rumen sounds diminished or altered 4. Diagnosis: • Clinical Examination: Inspection, palpation, auscultation • Radiography (X-ray): Most reliable, shows abnormal gas/fluid shadows in the thoracic cavity • Ultrasonography: May help in identifying displaced rumen or reticulum • Rumenotomy History: Helps if foreign body syndrome is ruled out 5. Demonstration Procedure (डेमो प्रक्रिया): Step 1: Restraining the Buffalo • Place the animal in a standing position using a cattle crate • Administer mild sedation if needed Step 2: Preparation of Surgical Site • Clip and clean the left flank area • Apply antiseptic solution (e.g., Povidone Iodine) Step 3: Local Anesthesia • Infiltration of 2% Lignocaine in a paravertebral block or inverted L-block Step 4: Exploratory Rumenotomy • A left-flank incision is made to access the rumen • The rumen is exteriorized and incised carefully • The herniated portion (usually reticulum or abomasum) is visualized pushing through the diaphragm Step 5: Identification of Hernial Ring • A round or slit-like defect can be palpated or visualized • Gentle probing confirms the location and size of the hernia Step 6: Surgical Correction • A second incision may be made through the abdominal wall to access the diaphragm • The abdominal organs are gently pulled back • The diaphragmatic tear is sutured using non-absorbable materials in an interrupted or continuous pattern • Antibiotic-laced gauze may be used to reduce infection risk Step 7: Rumen Closure and Post-operative Care • Close the rumen with double-layer sutures • Close the abdominal wall in layers • Administer antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and IV fluids • Keep the animal off-feed for 24–48 hours 6. Prognosis: • Good if diagnosed and treated early • Recurrence is possible if repair is weak or if predisposing factors persist 7. Preventive Measures: • Avoid overfeeding • Control recurrent tympany • Avoid heavy work immediately after parturition