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The Ode of Imru' al-Qais

The Mu'allaqah of Imru' al-Qais - Adventures of Passion and Youth Imru' al-Qais, whose full name was Hunduj ibn Hujr al-Kindi, belonged to a tribe that resided west of Hadhramaut, neighboring his father's land. His father, a tyrannical king who ruled over the people of Najd, was eventually killed by them. Imru' al-Qais spent his early years in luxury and comfort, indulging in the pleasures of wine, women, and leisure, as was typical of the sons of kings. However, fate took a turn, and he was thrust into a life filled with hardship and sorrow. He relentlessly sought to avenge his father's death, but his efforts proved futile. Imru' al-Qais and Unaizah Arab narrators recount the tale of Imru' al-Qais's deep affection for Unaizah, the daughter of his cousin Shurahbil. Denied the opportunity to meet and be with her, he patiently awaited the departure of the tribe. As the men and their camels set off, he lingered behind until the women also began their journey. He then hastened ahead of them to a watering hole known as "Darat Juljul" and concealed himself, knowing that the women would bathe upon arrival. When the young women, including Unaizah, reached the water, they shed their clothes and immersed themselves. At that moment, Imru' al-Qais emerged from his hiding place, gathered their clothes, and sat upon them. He swore an oath not to return their garments until they came out to him naked. The women pleaded with him for a considerable part of the day, but he remained steadfast in his resolve. Finally, the most brazen among them stepped out, and he tossed her clothes to her. One by one, the others followed suit until only Unaizah remained. She too implored him, but he insisted, "O daughter of the noble ones, you must do as the others have done." With reluctance, she emerged, and he beheld her beauty as she approached and turned away. Once they were dressed, the women began to reproach him, saying, "You have made us hungry and delayed us from rejoining the tribe." He retorted, "Have you eaten my camel? Shall I slaughter it for you?" They agreed, so he slaughtered his camel and had the slave girls gather firewood to roast the meat until they were satisfied. He also shared with them the wine he had brought along. As they prepared to depart, they divided his belongings among themselves, leaving him without a mount. He turned to Unaizah and said, "O daughter of the noble ones, you must carry me." Her companions urged her to comply, and she reluctantly agreed to carry him on the front of her howdah. As they journeyed, he would lean into the howdah to kiss and smell her. This incident is immortalized in his poem, where he says: Was there not a day for thee of them, a day of delight, And chiefest that day at Darat Juljul? The day I slaughtered for the maidens my camel, How strange was its meat, how fatty! The maidens cast lots for its flesh, Fat like the twisted strips of Damascus silk. The day I entered the howdah, Unaizah's howdah, And she cried, "Woe to thee! Thou wilt be disgraced!" She said, as the litter swayed with us both, "Thou hast slain my camel, O Imru' al-Qais; now alight!" I said to her, "Journey on, and slacken his rein, And turn not away from my embrace." The Mu'allaqah The poem begins with a contemplation of the ruins, where the poet pauses, reminisces about his departed loved ones, and sheds tears. He reflects on bygone days, recalling his youthful adventures, indulgences, and the image of his beloved. The poem then delves into the poet's nights of sorrow and pain, followed by a description of his horse. It concludes with a vivid depiction of a flood, leaving a lasting impression on literary enthusiasts. Translation The translation provided here is based on F.E. Johnson's translation, with modifications from Sheikh Faizullah Bhai, Johnson, Frank E., William Jones, and myself. Sources The Book: السبع مع الحواشي المفيدة للزوزني (The Seven Mu'allaqat with Useful Commentaries by al-Zuzani) The Book: فتح الكبير المتعال إعراب المعلقات العشر الطوال المؤلف: محمد علي طه الدرة (Fath al-Kabir al-Muta'al: Explanation of the Ten Long Mu'allaqat by Muhammad Ali Taha al-Durrah) Record by Dr. Yasser al-Nashmi    / @روائعالشعرالجاهليوالإسلامي