Ischemic stroke (mechanism of disease) скачать в хорошем качестве

Ischemic stroke (mechanism of disease)

This is a flowchart on ischemic strokes, covering the etiology, pathophysiology, and manifestations. ADDITIONAL TAGS: Risk factors / SDOH Cell / tissue damage Structural factors Ischemic stroke Medicine / nosocomial Infectious / microbial Biochem / molecular bio Immunology / inflammation Signs / symptoms Tests / imaging / labs Metabolic / hormonal Genetics / hereditary Flow physiology Pathophysiology Etiology Manifestations Insufficient cerebral blood flow (hypoperfusion) Ischemia Infarction or other neuronal injury Dislodged emboli occludes cerebral blood vessel Embolic stroke (20%) Afib: uncoordinated atrial contractions Blood stasis → clot Ventricular aneurysms CAD / MI Rheumatic heart disease Endocarditis → infectious emboli VTE (DVT) R→L shunt (PFO, ASD) Paradoxical embolism Atheroemboli, such as at carotid bifurcation aortic arch Blood clot formation inside blood vessel Thrombotic stroke (40%) Athero- sclerotic plaque Exposure of subendothelial collagen Formation of thrombus (20%), commonly at branch points HTN T2DM Chronic hypertensive vasculopathy Lipohyalinosis of small vessels → occlusion (lacunar stroke, 20%) Global cerebral ischemia Systemic hypoperfusion (affecting watershed areas) Shock (Insulinoma →) hypoglycemia (Respiratory arrest →) hypoxia Weakness / paralysis Paresthesias (“pins and needles” sensation) Aphasia (can’t comprehend and/or formulate language) Dysarthria (impaired motor articulation) Impaired consciousness Nausea, vomiting Headache Seizures Sudden onset of focal neurological deficits Nonspecific symptoms