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Helmshore Mill

History and background Higher Mill, which is held in conjuncture with the Higher Mill Trust, was constructed in 1789 and Whitaker's Mill in the 1820s by the Turner family, textile manufacturers from the Blackburn area. Although a considerable part of Whitaker's Mill was destroyed in a fire in 1857, it was rebuilt shortly afterwards and continued in operation until 1978, at which point it was under the ownership of L. Whitaker & Sons. Helmshore Mills Textile Museum covers a three acre (just over one hectare) site, most of it running alongside the charming River Ogden. In this peaceful and relaxing setting you can explore the lodge banks as far as the weir and railway viaduct and discover a wide variety of riverside plant, insect and animal life. The chimney of Whitaker's Mill can be seen on a nearby hilltop. The chimney is connected by a flue that runs over the river, under the road and up the hillside. It is located there because it was far cheaper and more effective to build the chimney away from the mill on the hilltop, where the air currents could more easily carry the smoke away, rather than building a very tall chimney next to the mill in the bottom of the valley. The mill yard has three tunnels running beneath it. One serves the present waterwheel while the other two are redundant tailraces for the original waterwheels that once powered Higher Mill. The two buildings offer a fascinating insight into the development of mill construction during the Industrial Revolution. Explore the industrial archaeology of the late 18th century Higher Mill, with its wooden beamed ceilings, and mullioned windows, flagstone roof and random stone walls, in contrast with Whitaker's Mill, whose iron pillars, slate roof and dressed stone walls represent later Victorian building methods. The historical importance of the mills and their surroundings is conveyed by the fact that the site holds Scheduled Ancient Monument status. A new visitor orientation and information building is now situated on the site of the original boiler house, between Whitaker's and Higher Mills. The buildings have also become a popular filming location, regularly used in TV documentaries such as "What the Victorians Did for Us" and drama series such as the BBC's 2004 period dramatisation of Mrs Gaskell's "North and South" starring Richard Armitage. On the ground floor of Higher Mill is the fully operational, large waterwheel with five pairs of fulling stocks. There is evidence in the internal architecture of two earlier waterwheels in the form of stone arches and blocked up openings. The first floor of Higher Mill is home to a new, interactive wool story display. Whitakers Mill houses a unique collection of industrial machinery in an authentic setting. The upper floor includes the impressive spinning floor and an exhibition gallery.