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New Patient Series: Blood & Marrow Transplants

Learn how stem cell transplantation from blood and bone marrow may fit into your comprehensive cancer treatment plan. [TRANSCRIPT]: Blood and marrow transplants at Miami Cancer Institute. Bone marrow is the soft, spongy tissue at the center of bones. The stem cells in your bone marrow grow into red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Certain types of cancer inhibit normal blood production and damage the bone marrow's ability to produce new stem cells. Cancer treatments such as radiation and chemotherapy, can also cause these effects. A bone marrow transplant or a BMT for short, removes all the existing stem cells in the marrow and replaces them with healthy cells. This process is also known as a stem cell transplant. BMT is used to treat patients who are diagnosed with acute leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and certain other cancerous and non-cancerous diseases of the bone marrow. BMT is usually performed after a patient has received chemotherapy or radiation, as part of a comprehensive cancer treatment plan. BMT comes with risks that must be weighed against any possible benefits. Therefore, not every patient is a good candidate for a stem cell transplant. Before recommending a BMT, your care team will carefully assess your ability to withstand this physically and mentally challenging process. Your physicians will study your overall physical condition to confirm your eligibility. And you'll undergo additional scans and tests. You and your family will meet with a nutritionist, psychologist, social worker and rehabilitation specialist, who will evaluate your functional condition, and to make sure you have the support system you need for the recovery period. A critical step in the BMT process is identifying a source of healthy stem cells that are needed for your specific transplant. An autologous transplant uses your own stem cells for your transplant. An allogeneic transplant uses stem cells collected from a donor. For an autologous transplant you'll receive medication that releases stem cells from your bone marrow into your blood. The blood is then extracted through a vein and your stem cells are separated, collected and stored for later use. For an allogeneic transplant using donor cells, Miami Cancer institute's bone marrow transplant coordinators search for donors who may be genetically compatible with you. This includes testing your close family members, as well as searching the national marrow donor registry for genetic matches of unrelated donors. Once a supply of healthy stem cells is banked and ready for transplantation, you will receive one or more doses of radiation and or chemotherapy, to remove all the existing stem cells in your bone marrow, to make room for the new cells. This process is called conditioning. The transplant itself is a simple and painless procedure and the side effects are usually mild, as the healthy stem cells are infused into your bloodstream. They move into the marrow where they gradually help restore your body's ability to produce its own new, healthy blood cells. Miami Cancer Institute performs hematologous transplants, those using your own stem cells as an outpatient procedure, you can go home after the transplant, but you'll need to come back to the Institute every day for a few weeks to watch for signs of infection. You'll also need a caregiver to stay with you at all times. You and your family may wish to stay at the Hilton Miami Day Land during your recovery. The hotel is conveniently located near the Institute and offer special patient rates. Allogeneic transplants, those using donor cells are always performed as an inpatient procedure. Certain immune cells in the stem cell mixture are known to cause specific side effects after transplantation. Miami Cancer Institute uses a unique procedure to remove these immune cells in the laboratory, before the transplant. This means you won't need to take a million suppressing drugs afterwards, you'll stay hospitalized for a few weeks after the transplant, while your body repairs your blood count. You'll be admitted to Hope tower. Hope tower is a facility created especially for BMT patients. The 400 square foot patient rooms offer plenty of space to exercise, meet daily with your care team and have a family member stay with you in your room overnight. Following your BMT, your body will show signs of producing normal blood counts in about two weeks. You'll feel much better and begin to regain your strength. After you're discharged from the hospital, you will be followed as an outpatient and you will continue to undergo test to monitor complications from your transplant and remission of your disease. Miami Cancer Institute offers an array of programs and services, to help you in your family during your recovery. There's much more to learn about Miami Cancer Institute. Visit us online or contact the institute, to schedule a personal tour.