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Vasculitis: Pathology Hindi Lectures

𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝗙𝐨𝐫 𝗠𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝗜𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝗛𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡 👩‍⚕‍ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝗠𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐞💉🩺💊 📌𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 :   / clinical.learning   Vasculitis- Pathology Hindi Lectures - ------------------------------------------------------------ Vasculitis is a complex inflammatory condition where blood vessels are attacked by the immune system, leading to inflammation, weakening, narrowing, or even destruction of the vessels. This can disrupt blood flow to organs and tissues, leading to serious complications, depending on the size and location of the affected vessels. Vasculitis is not a single disease but a collection of disorders that vary in severity, ranging from mild skin rashes to life-threatening organ damage. Understanding vasculitis is crucial for diagnosis and effective management, especially because it often mimics other diseases. Let’s explore the underlying mechanisms and types of vasculitis. 💡🩸 1. Pathophysiology of Vasculitis: Immune System Gone Rogue 🛠️🩺 The immune system, which usually protects the body from pathogens, mistakenly targets blood vessels in vasculitis. The exact cause isn’t always clear, but infections, autoimmune conditions, and certain medications can trigger this immune response. Mechanism: Immune cells and antibodies attack the vessel lining (endothelium), leading to inflammation. This process causes swelling, which can narrow or block blood flow through the vessel. Types of Immune Response: In some forms, antibodies bind directly to vessel walls (e.g., ANCA-associated vasculitis), while in others, immune complexes (antibody-antigen clusters) deposit in vessel walls, leading to damage (e.g., Henoch-Schönlein purpura). 🛡️ 2. Types of Vasculitis: Size Matters! 🧩 Vasculitis is classified based on the size of the affected blood vessels, as each type presents with different symptoms and complications: Large Vessel Vasculitis: Includes conditions like Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu Arteritis, affecting large arteries like the aorta. GCA is common in older adults and can lead to vision loss if untreated. Medium Vessel Vasculitis: Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and Kawasaki disease are examples, impacting medium-sized arteries and often causing organ damage or aneurysms. Kawasaki disease commonly affects children and can cause coronary artery inflammation. ❤️ Small Vessel Vasculitis: This category includes diseases like Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis, affecting capillaries, arterioles, and venules, causing symptoms like kidney damage, respiratory issues, and skin lesions. 🔬 3. Symptoms: A Spectrum of Signs 🌡️ Symptoms of vasculitis vary widely depending on the vessel size and organs involved. However, general symptoms often include fever, fatigue, and muscle pain. Skin: Rashes, purpura (purple spots), ulcers, or gangrene can develop if small vessels in the skin are involved. Respiratory: Shortness of breath, coughing, and bleeding can occur when vasculitis affects lung vessels. Renal: Kidney involvement can lead to glomerulonephritis, causing blood in the urine and high blood pressure. 🩺 4. Diagnosis: The Path to Clarity 🔍 Accurately diagnosing vasculitis is challenging and typically involves a combination of blood tests, imaging, and biopsies. Common diagnostic markers include: Blood Tests: Markers like ANCA (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) can suggest certain types of vasculitis. Imaging: MRI, CT scans, and angiography can reveal vessel inflammation and narrowing. Biopsy: In some cases, a tissue biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the exact type of vasculitis. 🧪 5. Treatment: Calming the Inflammation 🌊 Treatment for vasculitis focuses on reducing inflammation and preventing immune system attacks on vessels. Depending on the severity and type of vasculitis, treatment options include: Steroids: Corticosteroids like prednisone are commonly used to control inflammation. Immunosuppressive Drugs: Medications like cyclophosphamide or methotrexate help suppress immune system activity in more severe cases. Biologic Agents: Drugs like rituximab target specific immune cells or molecules, offering a targeted approach for certain vasculitis types. 💊💉 #Vasculitis #VascularHealth #PathologyLectures #MedicalEducation #MBBSPathology #AutoimmuneDisease #GiantCellArteritis #ANCA #SmallVesselVasculitis #ImmuneSystem #MedStudentLife #BoardExamPrep