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Anxiolytic & Hypnotic Drugs

Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.org You can find the NOTES and ILLUSTRATIONS for this lecture on our website at: https://www.ninjanerd.org/lecture/anx... Ninja Nerds! In this high-yield pharmacology lecture, Professor Zach Murphy provides a thorough and visually engaging breakdown of Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs, focusing on their mechanisms of action, receptor pharmacology, clinical indications, and side effect profiles. This lecture is designed to help you master the key sedative-hypnotic drug classes and understand how they are used to manage anxiety, insomnia, and related disorders. We begin with an overview of the neurobiology of anxiety and sleep, emphasizing the role of the GABAergic system in central nervous system inhibition. From there, we categorize the major classes of anxiolytic and hypnotic medications, including: • Benzodiazepines: Diazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Temazepam, Triazolam • Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics: Zolpidem, Zaleplon, Eszopiclone (the “Z-drugs”) • Barbiturates: Phenobarbital, Pentobarbital • Melatonin receptor agonists: Ramelteon • Others: Buspirone, Antihistamines (e.g., hydroxyzine), beta-blockers (for performance anxiety) Each class is discussed in detail, covering: • Mechanism of action: GABA-A receptor modulation, melatonin pathways, and serotonin partial agonism • Pharmacokinetics: Onset, duration, metabolism, and CYP interactions • Clinical uses: Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, insomnia, preoperative sedation, seizure disorders • Adverse effects: CNS depression, dependence, tolerance, rebound insomnia, amnesia, paradoxical agitation • Safety considerations: Use in the elderly, withdrawal risk, and contraindications (e.g., respiratory depression) Pharmacology Source: Whalen, Karen. Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology (Lippincott Illustrated Reviews Series). Wolters Kluwer Health. Kindle Edition. Enjoy the lecture and support us below! Table of Contents: 0:00 Lab 0:07 Anxiolytic & Hypnotic Drugs Introduction 0:38 Pathophysiology of Anxiety 6:20 Pathophysiology of Insomnia 14:57 Mechanism of Action for Anxiolytics 29:35 Mechanism of Action for Hypnotics 39:56 Treatment Approach to Anxiolysis + Hypnosis 48:15 Adverse Effects of Anxiolytics & Hypnotic Drugs 59:23 Anxiolytic & Hypnotic Drugs Practice Questions 1:08:31 Comment, Like, SUBSCRIBE! 🌐 Official Links Website: https://www.ninjanerd.org Podcast: https://podcast.ninjanerd.org Store: https://merch.ninjanerd.org 📱 Social Media   / ninjanerdlectures     / ninjanerdlectures     / ninjanerdlectures   https://x.com/ninjanerdsci/   / ninja-nerd   💬 Join Our Community Discord:   / discord   #ninjanerd #anxiety #insomnia