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This video is being presented at the Humans at the Cutting Edge of Robotic Surgery Symposium 2024, Jaipur, India. It was produced by Dr Laura Zuluaga, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA. Abstract: Micro-ultrasound: histological subtypes characterization in kidney cancer Authors: Laura Zuluaga1, Burak Ucpinar1, Shirin Razdan1, Indu Saini1, Kennedy Okhawere1 , Jenna Worth1, Jewel Bamby1, Sarah Lidagoster1, Ketan Badani1 Affiliations: 1 Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA Corresponding Author: Laura Zuluaga, M.D. Department of Urology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital 1425 Madison Avenue, 6th Floor New York City, NY, 10029, USA [email protected] Tel: 725-666-3701 Fax: 212-876-3246 Introduction: Accurately characterizing kidney cancer subtypes preoperatively remains a challenge. We aimed to use a novel micro-ultrasound system (MUS), operating at 29 MHz to identify distinctive patterns and classify kidney cancer histological subtypes. Methods: Ex-vivo kidney tumors were subject to assessment using the 29 MHz ExactVu™ imaging system immediately following resection. Patients included underwent either robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy or radical nephrectomy for suspected kidney cancer. Distinctive architectural features within the cine loops were identified and utilized to formulate characterization patterns, and correlated with the final pathology report. Results: A total of 50 patient samples obtained after surgery, underwent an ex-vivo examination. Pathology findings can be seen in Table 1. Table 2 presents the radiological findings for prevalent types of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In clear cell RCC, three commonly observed image subtypes were identified. Typically characterized by regular spherical shape and well-defined capsule. Papillary subtypes are notable for their pronounced granularity, while the chromophobe subtype is distinguishable by the presence of bright echoes. Reference images of clear cell RCC, complete with corresponding histological sections at 10x and 100x magnification, are provided in Image 1. Image 2 displays images of the different subtypes, emphasizing their most notable radiologic characteristics. Conclusions: MUS enables the identification of tissue architecture, displaying distinct patterns among histological subtypes of RCC. This imaging technique has the potential to contribute significantly to the diagnostics and characterization of histological subtypes and its promising role, serving as a valuable tool for guiding clinical decisions in the future. Table 1. Pathology Findings (n=133) Histological subtype Value n (%) Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma 50 (37.3) Papillary 28 (21) Chromophobe 10 (7.5) Oncocytoma 11 (8.2) Angiomyolipoma 6 (4.5) Others 28 (20.9) See more at: http://vattikutifoundation.com/