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Female Reproductive System

‪@DNCCDelhiNursingEntrance‬ ‪@dnccdelhi‬ #dnccdelhi #nursingexam #norcetmcq The female reproductive system consists of external genitalia, internal reproductive organs, and accessory structures that support reproduction, menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth. 1. External Genitalia (Vulva) Includes: Mons pubis – fat pad over symphysis pubis. Labia majora – outer folds, protective function. Labia minora – inner folds, rich in sebaceous glands. Clitoris – erectile tissue; highly sensitive. Vestibule – contains urethral and vaginal openings. Bartholin’s glands – secrete mucus for lubrication. 2. Internal Reproductive Organs A. Vagina Muscular canal extending from vulva to cervix. Functions: Receives penis and semen during intercourse. Passageway for menstruation. Birth canal. B. Uterus Hollow, pear-shaped muscular organ. Parts: Fundus – dome-shaped upper part. Body (Corpus) – main portion. Cervix – lower narrow part opening into vagina. Layers: Endometrium – inner lining; sheds during menstruation. Myometrium – muscle layer responsible for labor contractions. Perimetrium – outer serous layer. Functions: Implantation of fertilized ovum. Supports fetal development. Expels fetus during childbirth. C. Fallopian Tubes (Uterine Tubes) 10–12 cm long tubes connecting ovaries to uterus. Parts: Infundibulum (with fimbriae), Ampulla (site of fertilization), Isthmus, Interstitial part. Functions: Pick up ovum from ovary. Site of fertilization (usually ampulla). Transport embryo to uterus. D. Ovaries Almond-shaped paired glands. Functions: Produce ova (oogenesis). Secrete hormones: Estrogen – secondary sexual characteristics, endometrial growth. Progesterone – prepares uterus for pregnancy and maintains it. Inhibin – inhibits FSH.