BMC General Chemistry chapter 6.2 Lipids 161 - 162 كلية البترجي الطبية скачать в хорошем качестве

BMC General Chemistry chapter 6.2 Lipids 161 - 162 كلية البترجي الطبية

6.2. Lipids Introduction Lipids (Geek lipas. “fat”) are a large and diverse group of naturally occurring organic compounds with a significant structural variety and are only related by their solubility in nonpolar organic solvents (e.g., ether, chloroform, and benzene) and general insolubility in water. Lipids are the most efficient form of stored energy in the human body, they provide more energy than carbohydrates and proteins. 6.2.1. Fatty acids − A fatty acid is composed of a carboxyl group at the polar head and a long hydrocarbon chain at the non-polar tail. − General Structure: CH3-(CH2)n COOH − A fatty acid that occurs in a living system normally contains an even number of carbon atoms in an unbranched hydrocarbon chain. − Fatty acids are amphipathic compounds because the carboxyl group is hydrophilic and the hydrocarbon tail is hydrophobic. Classification of fatty acids: 1. Saturated (all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds) 2. Unsaturated (with one or more double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain). The unsaturated fatty acids can further be subdivided into: 2.1. Monounsaturated fatty acid has one double bond. 2.2. Polyunsaturated fatty acid has more than one double bond. Effect of Unsaturation on Melting Point Solid fats contain mostly saturated fatty acids and have higher melting points, whereas liquid oils contain substantial amounts of unsaturated fatty acids and have lower melting points. Essential Fatty Acids: Essential fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids that contain 18 carbon atoms needed by the body, but the body cannot synthesize them from precursors; they must, therefore, be consumed as part of the diet. The human body can synthesize all fatty acids except two: alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid) and linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid). These two fatty acids are called Essential fatty acids. Essential Fatty Acids are distributed in plants and fish oils. #generalchemistry #chemistry #chemistry101 #chapter6 #biochemistry #carbohydrates #monosaccharides #polysaccharides #medical #class #تجميعات #final_revision #السنة_التحضيرية #جامعة #General-Chemistry #general_chemistry #BMC #كلية_البترجي #كلية_البترجي_الطبية #السعودية #مصر #jeddah #abha #dammam #aşır #exam #practice #saudiarabia للاشتراك يرجي التواصل علي رقم الواتس 00966556402306