Bismuth Elements in Nature! скачать в хорошем качестве

Bismuth Elements in Nature!

Bismuth (symbol Bi) is a chemical element with the atomic number 83, positioned in group 15 of the periodic table. It is a heavy, brittle, silvery-pink metal with a distinctive rainbow-colored oxidation layer that can appear when exposed to air. Historically confused with lead and tin, bismuth was recognized as a distinct element in the 18th century. It has the highest atomic mass of all stable (non-radioactive) elements, with only one naturally occurring isotope, bismuth-209. Bismuth is known for its low toxicity compared to other heavy metals, making it a safer alternative in various applications. It has a relatively low melting point (271.5 °C or 520.7 °F) for a metal, which makes it suitable for use in fire detection and suppression systems, solder, and fusible alloys, which melt at specific temperatures for safety and mechanical applications. One of the most common uses of bismuth is in pharmaceuticals; bismuth subsalicylate is a key ingredient in some over-the-counter remedies for stomach upset and indigestion. In addition, bismuth compounds are used in cosmetics and pigments due to their refractive properties, which contribute to the shimmer in nail polish and eye shadow. In recent years, bismuth has gained attention for its potential in eco-friendly materials and technologies. It serves as a nontoxic replacement for lead in free-machining steel and aluminum alloys for plumbing fixtures, and it is being researched for use in catalysts in the chemical industry. Furthermore, its semiconducting properties are being explored for use in electronics and thermoelectric applications, making bismuth a versatile element with a broad range of applications.