Testing Cannabis Plant Material for Heavy Metals скачать в хорошем качестве

Testing Cannabis Plant Material for Heavy Metals

Testing Cannabis Plant Material for Heavy Metals Professor DeBacco Research Article Nie, B., Henion, J., & Ryona, I. (2019). The role of mass spectrometry in the cannabis industry. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 30(5), 719-730. https://www.researchgate.net/publicat... Phytoremediation Phytoremediation refers to procedures which employ plants to scavenge heavy metals from the environment This technique depends upon the ability of certain plants to sequester heavy metals from the soil so that when food-producing crops are planted, there will ideally be no heavy metals in that crop Heavy Metal Accumulation However, this leads to the concentration of heavy metals in the cannabis plant material where they can later reside in products derived from the cannabis plant. It is important to understand that some metals are beneficial and essential for life, others are highly toxic and have negative effects on good health. Cannabis plants have good phytoremediation properties because they can remove heavy metals from the soil with minimal adverse effects. User Exposure to Heavy Metals The user may be exposed to unhealthy levels of potentially toxic heavy metals by smoking or other produced cannabis products from contaminated plant material. Heavy Metals Tested For… Heavy metals, most commonly tested for include… Lead Cadmium Mercury Arsenic Depending upon which states are involved this list may be longer. Research Article/Abstract Citterio, S., Prato, N., Fumagalli, P., Aina, R., Massa, N., Santagostino, A., ... & Berta, G. (2005). The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae induces growth and metal accumulation changes in Cannabis sativa L. Chemosphere, 59(1), 21-29. https://www.researchgate.net/publicat... Study Investigation The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on heavy metal uptake and translocation was investigated in Cannabis sativa. Hemp was grown in the presence and absence of 100 microg g-1 Cd and Ni and 300 microg g-1 Cr(VI), and inoculated or not with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. Mycorrhizal Colonization Hemp growth was reduced in inoculated plants and the reduction was related to the degree of mycorrhization. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization was 42% and 9% in plants grown in non-contaminated and contaminated soil, suggesting a significant negative effect of high metal concentrations on plant infection by G. mosseae. Soil pH, metal bioavailability and plant metal uptake were not influenced by mycorrhization. Mycorrhizae Enhances Translocation Plants grown in artificially contaminated soil accumulated most metal in root organ. *In this soil, mycorrhization significantly enhanced the translocation of all the three metals from root to shoot. The possibility to increase metal accumulation in shoot is very interesting for phytoextraction purpose, since most high producing biomass plants, such as non-mycorrhized hemp, retain most heavy metals in roots, limiting their application. Research Article Bengyella, L., Ali, M. Q., Mukherjee, P., Fonmboh, D. J., & Kaminski, J. E. (2021). Global Impact of Non-essential Heavy Metal Contaminants in Industrial Cannabis Bioeconomy. https://assets.researchsquare.com/fil... Mitigation of Heavy Metal Uptake Suggestions 1. Avoid the use of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM): Previous studies show that AM enhanced the translocation of Cd, Ni, and Cr (VI) from the root to the shoot of C. sativa (Citterio et al. 2005). Mitigation of Heavy Metal Uptake Suggestions 2. Avoid the use of Achromobacter: Another trigger for increased HMs uptake in cannabis is associated with Achromobacter sp. strain AO22 that had been shown to concomitantly enhanced plant growth accumulation of Cd and Zn in fiber crop plant; sunn hemp (Crotolaria juncea) (Stanbrough et al. 2013) Mitigation of Heavy Metal Uptake Suggestions 3. Field monitoring: Farmers must perform a robust soil test Mitigation of Heavy Metal Uptake Suggestions 4. pH modification of chemigation, and irrigation water: Cannabis is acidophilic (~ 5.56–7.and the uptake of Pb and Hg in plants occurred at pH below 6.Thus, ensuring pH stays above 6.5 in all chemigation practices can mitigate Pb and Hg absorption from the soil (Azevedo and Rodriguez, 2012). Mitigation of Heavy Metal Uptake Suggestions 5. Coupling ozone water treatment with water softener system: Ozone water treatment could help oxidized HMs in irrigation water and coupling ozonized system with a water softener system, could help remove oxidized forms of the HMs before they are delivered to the cannabis crops. Link to Lecture Slides: *Due to the description character limit the full work cited for "Upper Limbs" can be viewed at...