East Block - اصطلاحات اجتماعی - اصطلاحات پرکاربرد - بلوک شرق - скачать в хорошем качестве

East Block - اصطلاحات اجتماعی - اصطلاحات پرکاربرد - بلوک شرق -

East Block - اصطلاحات اجتماعی - اصطلاحات پرکاربرد - بلوک شرق - #East_Block بلوک شرق اصطلاحی بود که در دوران جنگ سرد، به کشورهای متّحد شوروی و پیمان ورشو، که خود را کمونیست می‌نامیدند، گفته می‌شد. این بلوک شامل این کشورها بود: بلغارستان، رومانی، مجارستان، آلمان شرقی، لهستان، آلبانی، چکسلواکی و خود اتحاد شوروی.این اصطلاح برای آن بود که همهٔ کشورهای این بلوک، از لحاظ جغرافیایی در اروپای شرقی واقع بودند. بعدها که در کوبا انقلاب شد و رهبران جدید آن خود را «کمونیست» خواندند و تا حدودی به شوروی وابسته بودند، این کشور نیز، علی‌رغم این‌که در غرب واقع بود، به‌طور غیررسمی عضو بلوک شرق شمرده می‌شد. گرچه هرگز به عضویت پیمان ورشو درنیامد و به همین علت، به‌طور رسمی هرگز عضو بلوک شرق نبود. بلوک شرق همچنین به‌عنوان نامی برای پیمان ورشو (اتّحاد نظامی به رهبری شوروی) یا کومکن (یک سازمان اقتصادی بین‌المللی از کشورهای کمونیست) بکار می‌رود. متحدین شوروی خارج از اروپای شرقی، همچون مغولستان و اغلب کوبا، ویتنام، و کره شمالی بعضی اوقات جزو اصطلاح بلوک شرق نیز محسوب می‌شوند. اصطلاحات بلوک شرق و اتّحاد شوروی بعضی اوقات با یکدیگر اشتباه گرفته می‌شوند. امّا اتّحاد شوروی بر کشورهای بلوک شرق نفوذ داشته، کشورهایی در بلوک شرق مانند بلغارستان، مجارستان و لهستان کلاً کشورهایی جداگانه بود. The Eastern Bloc was a term used during the Cold War to refer to the countries of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact, which called themselves communist. and included these countries: Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, Albania, Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union itself This term was for all the countries of this bloc, geographically in Eastern Europe were real Later, when there was a revolution in Cuba and its new leaders called themselves "communists" and were somewhat dependent on the Soviet Union, which, despite being located in the West, It was unofficially considered a member of the Eastern Bloc. Although it never became a member of the Warsaw Pact, and for this reason, it was never officially a member of the Eastern Bloc. Eastern Bloc is also used as a name for the Warsaw Pact (Soviet-led military alliance) or Kommun (an international economic organization of communist countries). Soviet allies outside of Eastern Europe, such as Mongolia and often Cuba, Vietnam, and North Korea, are sometimes also included in the term Eastern Bloc. The terms Eastern Bloc and Soviet Union are sometimes confused with each other. But the Soviet Union had influence on the countries of the Eastern Bloc, countries in the Eastern Bloc such as Bulgaria, Hungary and Poland were completely separate countries. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was never part of the Eastern Bloc or the Warsaw Pact. But it was a communist country, whose leader Marshal Tito came to power during his efforts as the leader of a partisan resistance during World War II. Because he was not appointed by the Soviet Red Army, he had no loyalty and commitment to Russia. The Yugoslav government was considered a neutral country during the Cold War, and was one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement. Likewise, the Stalinist government of Albania came to power independently of the Red Army after World War II. Albania severed its relationship with the Soviet Union in the 1960s as a result of the split between China and the Soviet Union, and instead pledged allegiance to the People's Republic of China and its anti-reformist stance. Sometimes the Eastern Bloc countries were under Soviet influence through military force. Hungary was invaded by the Soviet military in 1956 after it overthrew its pro-Soviet government and replaced it with a regime that pursued a more democratic communist path independent of Moscow. When the Polish Communist leaders tried to elect Władysław Gomelka as its first secretary, they were issued a letter of termination by the Soviet Union, which demanded that Gomelka be rescinded. Czechoslovakia was attacked in 1968 after a period of liberation called the Prague Spring. The last attack was formulated in official Soviet policy as the Brezhnev Principle. During the late 1980s, the Soviet Union gradually weakened and stopped interfering in the internal affairs of the Eastern Bloc countries. Mikhail Gorbachev's abrogation of the Brezhnev principle in favor of the so-called "Sinatra principle" had severe effects on Central and Eastern Europe during this period. Finally, the Eastern Bloc ended with the collapse of pro-Soviet regimes in Eastern Europe in 1989. Even before this period, all countries in the Warsaw Pact did not always act as a bloc (unit). For example, the 1968 attack on Czechoslovakia was condemned by Romania and refused to participate in it #East_Block #اصطلاحات_اجتماعی #بلوک_شرق