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greater omentum

(great omentum, omentum majus, gastrocolic omentum, epiploon) A large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach, passing in front of the small intestines and doubles back to ascend to the transverse colon before reaching to the posterior abdominal wall. It appears to float on the surface of the intestines. It is the first structure observed when the abdominal cavity is opened anteriorly. (Functions) • Fat deposition having adipose tissue. • Infection and wound isolation, that physically limits the spread of intraperitoneal infections. • Immune contribution having milky spots of macrophage collections. It can be surgically removed (omentectomy) in case there is concern that there may be spread of cancerous tissue (e.g. ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, intestinal cancer, appendix cancer) into the omentum. It may be surgically harvested for reconstruction of the thoracic wall and the surface of the heart and for revascularization of brain tissue after a stroke. (Subdivisions) • gastrophrenic ligament: Extends to the underside of the left dome of the diaphragm. • gastrosplenic ligament (or gastrolienal ligament): Extends to the spleen, overlying the kidney. • gastrocolic ligament: Extends to the transverse colon. Occasionally, it is considered synonymous with "greater omentum". • phrenicosplenic ligament: Connects the thoracic diaphragm to the spleen. (Comparison) • greater omentum: From the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon. • lesser omentum: From the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach. • phrenoesophageal ligament: The ligament that connects the esophagus to the diaphragm. • splenocolic ligament: A peritoneal ligament connecting the splenic capsule to the transverse colon. It lies between the greater omentum and the transverse mesocolon. • phrenicocolic ligament: A fold of peritoneum that extends from the left colic flexure to the thoracic diaphragm, opposite the tenth and eleventh ribs.