If life happens in cells, how is life integrated throughout large organisms? скачать в хорошем качестве

If life happens in cells, how is life integrated throughout large organisms?

Life is defined by self-governing networks of molecules that change conformation cyclically, converting thermodynamic motion into directional work and structure. A spectrum of scale, from nanoscopic to macroscopic, involves a shift from intracellular thermodynamically driven processes (thermal agitation ultimately rooted in quantum phenomena) to intercellular bulk flows described by classical physics; from short-distance transport involving diffusion and cytoskeletal transport to long-distance pressure fluxes in hydraulic networks. A review of internal transport systems in macroscopic eukaryotes suggests that a key evolutionary step favoring large size and multicellularity involved exploiting molecular-scale stochasticity to generate organized bulk flows (e.g. motor proteins collectively generating mechanical pressures in metazoan tissues such as cardiac muscle; within tracheophytes, active and passive phloem loading/unloading inducing pressure gradients, and active regulation enabling passive xylem function and hydraulic reliability; sieve-like conduction in heterokonts; peristaltic shuttle streaming in myxogastrian plasmodia). Macroscopic physiologies are underpinned by Brownian molecular thermodynamics and thus quantum mechanics; the apparently disparate physiologies of large organisms share a fundamental operating principle at small scales. However, the specific translocation mechanisms that extend this functioning to larger scales are embroiled in bauplans, representing phylogenetic constraints to body size. 00:00 Bauplans of large eukaryotes 00:25 What life is 01:10 Transport processes within cells 03:56 Fungi | physiological integration 05:25 Slime molds | physiological integration 07:15 Green plants | physiological integration 11:56 Animals | physiological integration 16:31 Heterokonts | physiological integration 17:49 Summary Based on the peer-reviewed paper: Pierce S (2025) The evolution of large organism size: disparate physiologies share a foundation at the smallest physical scales. Life, 15(12): 1914. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15121914 and also building upon: Pierce S (2023) Life’s Mechanism. Life, 13(8):1750. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081750 Part of a series on what life is:    • What is life and how does it work? The mec...      • What life actually is | a biologist explains      • Caulerpa and the secret of life      • If life happens in cells, how is life inte...      • Extraterrestrial biospheres | the kind of ...      • Astrobiology's n=1 problem is unscientific   This channel is not monetized.