Ascomycetes - Sac Fungi CBSE, NCERT, NEET, Medical Entrance скачать в хорошем качестве

Ascomycetes - Sac Fungi CBSE, NCERT, NEET, Medical Entrance

‪@bankofbiology‬ #Ascomycetes #fungi #biology Ascomycetes are called Sac fungi. Saccharomyces is a unicellular fungus. Hyphae are fungal filaments A mass of hyphae is called mycelium. Sac fungi have branched filamentous, and septate hyphae. Cells of sac fungi may be monokaryotic or dikaryotic. Sac fungi may be coprophilous, decomposers, saprophytes, or parasites. Coprophilous organisms grow on dung. Asexual spores of sac fungi are called conidia. Conidia are formed on hyphae called conidiophores. Sexual reproduction takes place by gametangial contact. The male sex organ is called antheridium. The female sex organ is called ascogonium. Male nuclei of antheridium move into the female gametangium to form a dikaryotic cell. The dikaryotic cell repeatedly divides to form a dikaryotic mycelium. Dikaryotic mycelium has ascogenous hyphae. Ascogenous hyphae form fruiting bodies called ascocarps. Each ascocarp has asci. The two nuclei of each ascus fuse to form a diploid nucleus. The resultant diploid nucleus undergoes reduction division to form haploid nuclei. Each haploid nucleus accumulates some cytoplasm around it to develop into an ascospore. Ascospores germinates into monokaryotic mycelia. Globose ascocarp is called cleistothecium (Penicillium). Flask shaped ascocarp with an apical opening is called perithecium (Aspergillus, Claviceps). Cup shaped ascocarp is called apothecium (Peziza). Sacharomyces is useful in bakery and brewery industries. Edible sac fungi are morels (Morchella) and truffles (Tuber). Penicillium notatum is used in making an antibiotic called penicillin. Aspergillus niger is used in producing citric acid for soft drinks. Neurospora is used in genetic experiments.