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Origins of the War with Ambassador John Sullivan

In this episode of Origins of the War, Ambassador John Sullivan reflects on the evolution of U.S.–Russia relations and the decisions that shaped the road to war in Ukraine. Drawing on decades of experience in American diplomacy, Sullivan traces his interest in Russia from the Cold War era to his service as U.S. Ambassador to Russia from 2019 to 2022. He discusses how early cultural encounters, academic study, and time spent in the Soviet Union informed a career that later placed him at the center of U.S. foreign policy during moments of profound geopolitical change. The conversation examines the turning points in U.S.–Russia relations, including Russia’s annexation of Crimea, arms control negotiations, military buildups, and the intelligence assessments that preceded Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Sullivan offers candid insight into the challenges faced by the Biden administration, the limits of diplomatic engagement, and the difficulty of understanding Vladimir Putin’s motivations through a historical lens. This episode explores how timing, domestic political pressures, and strategic miscalculations shaped U.S. responses to Russian aggression and what these lessons mean for the future of international relations. Key topics include: • The annexation of Crimea and its lasting impact on U.S.–Russia relations • Arms control, strategic stability, and diplomacy • Putin’s decision making and historical worldview • The role of intelligence and military assessments • How domestic politics shape foreign policy 📘 Ambassador Sullivan is also the author of Midnight in Moscow, reflecting on his diplomatic experiences in Russia.