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pectus excavatum

Congenital chest wall deformity, depression of the sternum and the chest. It has a "sunken in" or "funnel chest" appearance, caused by growth abnormality of the cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum. Although it is most common in the middle of the chest, it may move to one side, usually the right. (Risk factors) • boys than girls • more noticeable during puberty, even often present at birth (Symptoms) • no symptoms • scoliosis in some children • experiencing some negative effects on the self-esteem due to the appearance of the chest • shortness of breath, fatigue, exercise intolerance or limitations • chest pain • compression of the heart (Treatment) It depends on the severity of the defect and symptoms. In most cases, surgery is not indicated. In severe or complex cases, surgery may be needed. • Nuss procedure: A minimally invasive surgery that corrects it by one or more metal bars pushing the breastbone forward. • Ravitch procedure: An incision across the chest and the removal of the cartilage that causes the defect. The sternum is then placed in the normal position. A small bar is then inserted under the sternum to hold it in the desired position in case of a child. (Comparison) Marfan syndrome is an inherited disorder that affects connective tissue, that most commonly affects the heart, eyes, blood vessels, and skeleton.