Cell physiology and membrane physiology|| Bams||Mordern Physiology|| Paper 1|| скачать в хорошем качестве

Cell physiology and membrane physiology|| Bams||Mordern Physiology|| Paper 1||

CELL PHYSIOLOGY Cell physiology is the branch of biology that studies the functions and activities of cell. How cells live, work, communicate and maintain balance in the body Topia comes under Cell physiology 8- 1) Structure and Function of cell 2) Membrane Physiology 3) Transport across cell membrane 4) Cell communication 5) Cell Metabollism 6) Cell cycle and Cell Division 7) Cell Regulation. Structure of Cell 8- The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life All living organisms are made up of cells Types of Cells:- Prokaryotic cells No true nudeus Example Bacteria. Eukaryotic cell True nucleus present Example Herman cell Cell Organelles and Their Functions. Mitochondria Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Centrosome Membrane Physioingy Membrane physinlogy & the study of the function of the Plasma membrane, especially how substance meves acrest !! and have it maintains internal belarve Structure of Cell Membrang- Fluid Mosaic Modet proposed by S.J singer and Garth L. Nicelson (1992) Made up of phospholipid bilayer Proteins are embedded in it It is seledively permeable Flexible and dynamic Important funchions of Membrane Physiology Selective Permiability Allow some substance to pars. 3) Transport Mechanims Passive Transport Diffusion (NoenergyBulk Transport Veshular Transport The movement of large molecules or particles atrod the cell membrane swing membrane bound-vestules It requires energy (ATP) thed when substance are too large to Pow thaough channels en carriers Endocytosis: Movement of substance into the cell Phagocytosis- cets eating (bacteria) Procytosis Cell dring drinking (liquide) Receptors Mediated endocytosis specific molecular enter through receptors Exocytosis: Moverment of substance out of the Celu Secretion of Hormones. Release of Neurotransmitters Resting Membrane Potential. (RMP) Resting Membrane potential is the electrical potential difference across the cell membrane when the call u at test frot stimulated) Inside the cell Negative Transportation of Various Substances across the Cell Membrang Transport across the plasma membrane is an important part of membrane physiology. It helps maintain homeostasis in the cell. Two Main Mechanism Pasiive Transport (No energy Required Active Tramport (Energy required-ATP used) 1) PASSIVE TRANS PORT: Movement occurs from high concentration to low concentration Calong concentration gradient) Simple diffusion Direct movement through lipid bilayer No carrier protein needed eg oxygen (02), Carbon dioxide (102) Facilitale diffusion uses carrier or channel protein No ATP required Eg. Glucose, fons (Nat, kt) Osmosis: movement of water across semipermiable membrane From low solute concentration to High Solute concentration 2) ACTIVE TRANSPORT - Movement occurs against concentration gradient (low High concentration) Primary Active Transport: Direct use of ATP eg Sodium-Potassium pump. Secondary Active Transport: Lies of energy indirectly (from lon gradient) Eg- Glucose-sodium co-transport Outside the cell positive In Neurons, it is about 70 mv Why RMP formed Unequal du tribution of ions (Nat, kt. (1) 3 More k¹ fruide, more Nat outside 3) Na/kt pump maintains Pon balance 4) Membrane is more Osmosis Facilitate diffusion Active Tramport Nat/kt Pump Endocytosis Taking functional subistance inssite Exocytosis- Retesing substances outside 4) Cell communication hormoner and neurotransmitters 5) Maintainance of Homeostadu Produce Energy Protein synthesis Transport and protein/ lipid Synthesis Packaging and secretion -Digestion of waste Helps in cell división