HIV therapy: Zidovudine (or AZT)/ NRTIs. Mechanism of Action and Resistance【USMLE, Pharmacology】 скачать в хорошем качестве

HIV therapy: Zidovudine (or AZT)/ NRTIs. Mechanism of Action and Resistance【USMLE, Pharmacology】

This video is about the mechanism of action of Zidovudine and NRTIs / mnemonics. The HIV enters macrophages and CD4 T cells by the adsorption of glycoproteins and releases its capsid into the cell. After entering of the cell, reverse transcriptase enzyme converts viral RNA to DNA. Zidovudine is a thymedine analogue. ZDV is a prodrug and must be activated by phosphorylation in lymphocytes to exert its antiviral action. HIV reverse transcriptase fails to correct erroneously incorporated nucleotides Once incorporated, zidovudine leads to DNA chain termination and stops further DNA synthesis. Prolonged treatment can lead to HIV developing resistance to zidovudine by mutation of its reverse transcriptase. #pharmacologymadeeasy #pharmacology #hivtreatment (Reference) I express my gratitude and respect for your wonderful achievements. 1. Mitsuya H, Weinhold K, Furman P, St Clair M, Li, Lars, Lehrman S, Gallo R, Bolognesi D, Barry D, Broder S (1985). "3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (BW A509U): an antiviral agent that inhibits the infectivity and cytopathic effect of human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus in vitro". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 82 (20): 7096–100. Bibcode:1985PNAS...82.7096M. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.20.7096. PMC 391317. PMID 2413459. 2. Yarchoan R, Klecker R, Weinhold K, Markham P, Lyerly H, Durack D, Gelmann E, Lehrman S, Blum R, Barry D (1986). "Administration of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, an inhibitor of HTLV-III/LAV replication, to patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex". Lancet. 1 (8481): 575–80. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(86)92808-4. PMID 2869302. 3. Wainberg, M. A.; Brenner, B. G.; Turner, D. (2005). "Changing Patterns in the Selection of Viral Mutations among Patients Receiving Nucleoside and Nucleotide Drug Combinations Directed against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 49 (5): 1671–1678. doi:10.1128/AAC.49.5.1671-1678.2005. PMC 1087622. PMID 15855480. 4. De Clercq E, Neyts JAntiviral agents acting as DNA or RNA chain terminators Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009;(189):53-84. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-79086-0_3. 5. Ghodke Yogita, Anderson Peter L, Sangkuhl Katrin, Lamba Jatinder, Altman Russ B, and Klein Teri E. PharmGKB summary: zidovudine pathway. Pharmacogenetics and genomics. 2012 PMID: 22960662(opens in new window)PMCID: PMC3696524(opens in new window)DOI: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32835879a8 (Pictures) 1. Abacavir Yikrazuul - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... 2. guanosine NEUROtiker - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... 3. Didanosine NEUROtiker - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... 4. adenosine NEUROtiker - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... 5. Emtricitabine Yikrazuul - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... 6. cytidine NEUROtiker - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... 7. Lamivudine Vaccinationist - PubChem, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... 8. Stavudine NEUROtiker - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... 9. thymidine NEUROtiker - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... 10. dAMP Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... 11. Tenofovir Anypodetos - based on File:Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate structure.svg, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... 12. Zidovudine Fvasconcellos - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... (movies and other pictures) pixaby: pixabay.com