高堂文昌祠|保护国家文运和考试的神祇|The Deity Who Protects the Nation's Literary Fortune and Examinations скачать в хорошем качестве

高堂文昌祠|保护国家文运和考试的神祇|The Deity Who Protects the Nation's Literary Fortune and Examinations

居然在饶平已经看到第二处，说不定再走下去还有？在潮汕其他地方，都只剩下个路名，而不见实物，例如澄城文祠路，东里文祠路，外砂文祠路等等。上次诐黄冈霞绕古楼文祠，金城就感叹过，饶平保存的文物令人惊喜，来高堂居然又看到一座文祠，虽然已经破败不堪，但毕竟是原汁原味，欣慰的是，金城查到，自2018年，高堂这座文昌祠，已经被潮州市列入第二批保护的文物单位。 士农工商是中国古代的阶级排列，自古想要当官，读书是第一位，从这个排列看得出“士”就是第一奋斗目标。文昌帝君也叫梓潼帝君，是保护国家文运，和考试的神祇，和文衡帝君、孚佑帝君、魁星、朱衣之神，合称为“五文昌”，道教的神。文昌就是张育，文衡就是关羽，孚佑就是吕洞宾，魁星就是北斗星之奎宿，朱衣原是宋代欧阳修，到了明代改为朱熹，享受明朱的特权。 中国有“北孔子，南文昌”的说法。文昌帝君自唐宋就被历代皇帝皇封。到了元明，侧重科举制度，更加被推崇。明万历帝还在京城敕建燕京梓潼宫，文昌祠到了全盛的时候，全国各地无论大小都兴建文祠。能看得到的，现今的台湾，各县、市几乎都不低于有五六座文祠，没文祠的，在寺庙也必有文昌帝君的位置。 原本只祀奉文昌帝君的文祠，为什么文祠里面既有孔子，也有另外四文昌？这里有个趣味的现象。古时，一个行业祀奉一个神明，例如生意人祀关公，理发的祀吕洞宾，特殊行业的祀奉猪八戒等等。每逢当地兴建文祠或是孔庙，就向社会各界募捐，为了让众人更落力捐钱，就附带一个很诱惑的条件，你来捐钱，到时庙里也能祭祀你尊奉的神，按捐的力度以及众望选来一起祀奉。 To think that I've already found the second Wenchang Temple in Raoping—who knows, there might be more if I keep going! In other parts of Chaozhou-Shantou, only the street names remain, but the physical temples have disappeared, such as Chengcheng Wenci Road, Dongli Wenci Road, and Waisha Wenci Road. The last time I visited the Huanggang Xiarao Ancient Tower and its Wenci Temple, I was amazed by how well Raoping has preserved its cultural relics. Now, arriving in Gaotang, I found another Wenchang Temple. Although it's in a state of disrepair, it’s still original. The good news is, I discovered that since 2018, this Wenchang Temple in Gaotang has been listed as a second batch of protected cultural heritage sites by Chaozhou City. In ancient China, the social hierarchy was divided into the four classes of scholars, farmers, artisans, and merchants. To become an official, studying was the most important path, and from this structure, we can see that "scholar" was the ultimate goal. Wenchang Dijun, also known as Zitong Dijun, is the deity who protects the nation’s literary fortune and the imperial examination system. He is one of the "Five Wenchang" gods in Taoism, alongside Wenheng Dijun, Fuyou Dijun, Kuixing, and the Zhi Yi (Red Robe) God. Wenchang is associated with Zhang Yu, Wenheng with Guan Yu, Fuyou with Lü Dongbin, Kuixing with the star "Kwei" in the Big Dipper, and Zhi Yi was originally Ouyang Xiu in the Song Dynasty, later replaced by Zhu Xi during the Ming Dynasty, who enjoyed the privilege granted by Emperor Zhu. In China, there is the saying "North of Confucius, South of Wenchang." Wenchang Dijun has been revered by emperors since the Tang and Song dynasties. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, with the emphasis on the imperial examination system, his worship became even more widespread. Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty even had the Yanjing Zitong Palace built in the capital. At the peak of his veneration, Wenchang Temples were built across the country, large and small. In Taiwan today, almost every county and city has no fewer than five or six Wenchang Temples. For those without a temple dedicated solely to him, a statue of Wenchang Dijun can usually be found in local temples. Originally, Wenchang Temples only enshrined Wenchang Dijun. So why do these temples also house Confucius and the other Four Wenchang deities? There’s an interesting phenomenon behind this. In ancient times, each profession would venerate a specific deity—business people would honor Guan Yu, barbers would venerate Lü Dongbin, and so on. When local communities built Wenchang Temples or Confucian temples, they would raise funds from various social groups. To encourage more donations, they would offer an enticing condition: those who contributed money could have their preferred deities enshrined in the temple. The amount donated and the wishes of the community would determine which gods were included in the worship.