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Ugarit: City of Baal

Today we examine the political history of Ugarit, a coastal kingdom in ancient Syria that thrived during the Late Bronze Age. This video traces Ugarit's rise as a wealthy trade hub connected to Egypt, the Hittites, and Cyprus—and its catastrophic fall during the Bronze Age Collapse. Through royal letters, treaty texts, and archaeological evidence, we uncover the political struggles, regional alliances, and cultural achievements that defined Ugarit’s final century. Discover how this city helped sustain the Hittite Empire, produced remarkable literary texts like the Baal Cycle in a local alphabetic cuneiform script in the Ugaritic language, and was ultimately destroyed, likely by the Sea Peoples. Ugarit's story mirrors that of the Late Bronze Age in the Near East - internationalism and mercantile wealth followed by a sudden and catastrophic collapse. #ugarit #archaeology #ancienthistory #ugaritic #baal #bronzeagecollapse #latebronzeage Some Sources: Astour, Michael C., “New Evidence on the Last Days of Ugarit,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 69, No. 3 (Jul., 1965), pp. 253-258. Bell, Carol, “The merchants of ugarit: oligarchs of the late Bronze Age trade in metals?” in Eastern Mediterranean metallurgy and Metalwork in the Second Millennium BC: A conference in honour of James d. Muhly Nicosia, 10th–11th October 2009. Edited by Vasiliki Kassianidou and George Papasavvas. Oxford: Oxbow, 2012. Bryce, Trevor. The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 1998. Buck, Mary. The Amorite Dynasty of Ugarit Historical Implications of Linguistic and Archaeological Parallels. Leiden: Brill, 2020. Izre’el, Shlomo and Itamar Singer, The General’s Letter from Ugarit: A Linguistic and Historical Reevaluation of RS 20.33 (Ugaritica V, No. 20). Tel Aviv: Tel Avvi University Press, 1990. Lipinski, E. 1981. “Ahat-Milki, reine d’Ugarit, et la guerre de Muki,” Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica 12: 79-115. Marsman, Henne J. WOMEN IN UGARIT AND ISRAEL THEIR SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS POSITION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST. Leiden, Brill: 2003. Singer, Itamar, “A Political History of Ugarit. In Handbook of Ugaritic Studies,” eds. W. Watson and N. Wyatt, pp. 603-733. Leiden – Boston – Köln: Brill, 1999. Singer I. 1991, A Coincise History of Amurru, in: Izre’el 1991, vol. II, pp. 135-194. Vidal, Jordi, “UGARIT AND THE SOUTHERN LEVANTINE SEA-PORTS,” JESHO 49,3 Von Dassow E. 2008, State and society in the late Bronze Age: Alalaḫ under the Mittani Empire (SCCNH 17), Bethesda. Vidal, J. (in press). Beirut and Ugarit in the 13th century BCE, Studi Micenei ed Egeo Anatolici. Wyatt, Nicolas, “Ilimilku’s ideological programme: Ugaritic Royal Propaganda, and a biblical postscript,” Ugarit-Forschunben 29:775-96 = 2005. Wyatt, Nicolas, “National Memory, Seismic Activity at Ras Shamra and the Composition of the Ugaritic Baal Cycle” Ugarit-Forschungen 48 (2015): 551-591. Wyatt, Nicolas, “The Evidence of the Colophons in the Assessment of Ilimilku’s Scribal and Authorial Role,” Ugarit-Forschungen 46:(2015): 399-446. Yon, Marguerite, The City of Ugarit at Tell Ras Shamra. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns: 2006. Young, Gordon ed.Ugarit in Retrospect: Fifty Years of Ugarit and Ugaritic Studies. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1981. Music: Epidemic Sound 00:00 Ugarit 00:30 Geography and Prehistory 03:08 The Amorite Foundations of Ugarit 05:50 Zimri-Lim's Journey to Ugarit 08:20 The Late Bronze Age 09:43 The Apogee of the Kingdom 15:53 Ugarit and the Great Syrian War 21:20 Ammitamru and the bittu-rabiti affair 24:48 Ammurapi and the End of Ugarit 28:28 The Final Assault on Ugarit 30:31 Consider Subscribing