У нас вы можете посмотреть бесплатно The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 | History Explained или скачать в максимальном доступном качестве, видео которое было загружено на ютуб. Для загрузки выберите вариант из формы ниже:
Если кнопки скачивания не
загрузились
НАЖМИТЕ ЗДЕСЬ или обновите страницу
Если возникают проблемы со скачиванием видео, пожалуйста напишите в поддержку по адресу внизу
страницы.
Спасибо за использование сервиса ClipSaver.ru
The reign of Joseph Stalin stands out as a particularly dark period in history. For a quarter-century, from the bustling cities of Moscow and Leningrad to the remote villages of Siberia, the USSR was held in an iron grip by this viscous dictator. This was an era defined by a pervasive cult of personality, paranoid purges of potential rivals, and the interment of millions into Gulags. An atmosphere of dread permeated every corner of Soviet life. Whispered conversations, suspicious glances, and the ever-present fear of the notorious Gulags became the daily reality for millions. Hannah Arendt aptly captures this climate, suggesting that this dread and suspicion acted to 'atomise' the very social fabric of Soviet society. Bonds of trust, friendship, and community - the very ties that might have united individuals against Stalin's regime, were obliterated. Instead, fear isolated each individual, making collective resistance almost impossible. Under Stalin's stewardship, the Soviet Union also displayed its might on the global stage, playing a pivotal role in the defeat of Nazi Germany. This victory allowed Stalin to spread his influence; expanding the atomised totalitarian society over much of Eastern Europe. However, death spares no one. In 1953, the seemingly indomitable Stalin met his end, leaving behind a legacy of terror but also a glimmer of hope. With his demise, whispers of defiance began to circulate, not just within the borders of the USSR but also in the satellite states under the boot of Soviet rule. With the death of the paranoid dictator, hope of reform and collective resistance against Moscow might finally become manifest. This hope was spurred on by a speech by Stalin’s successor. In February 1956 behind closed doors Khrushchev the new Soviet premier made a secret speech to comrades at the 20th congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In this he denounced the oppressive rule of Stalin, criticising the abuse of human rights and the cult of the individual. Khrushchev spoke candidly of his predecessor in disparaging terms stating that Stalin had asserted his character above the party and provided letters showing that Lenin himself had warned of Stalin’s rude and tempestuous character. However, somehow, this secret speech was leaked and began circulating in the USSR and the Eastern Bloc. Some say the speech was leaked and translated by the CIA and the Mossad to deliberately destabilise the Eastern bloc. Others believe that the leak came from within the communists own ranks in Poland. We may never know the details of how this secret was unlocked, but it resonated throughout Eastern Europe, setting the hope of a freer society. After some gains in Poland, Hungarian audiences started to push for a more decentralised and locally tailored form of communism. Yet despite Krushchevs denunciation of Stalin, the USSR was not ready for radical liberalisation. In reality, notions of a more liberalised and decenteralised Eastern Bloc collided with the geo-political realities of the early Cold War. Fearing invasion from the East, the West had formed the NATO alliance in 1949. Concurrently, the USSR established buffer states to prevent another invasion from the West, also accelerating its efforts to match and exceed the nuclear capability shown by the USA in Japan at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Both the USSR and the USA kept troops stationed in the countries liberated in the war, with this process of exaccerbating tensions accelleerating though the latter years of Stalins rule. In 1955, West Germany was permitted by the West to rearm and join Nato. And in response, the Eastern Bloc and the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact in May 1955. It was against this backdrop of rising nuclear tension that the buffer states hoped, perhaps naively, for more freedom, independence and autonomy. But regardless of the geopoliticalreality, leaked versions of the secret Khrushchev speech on February 25th 1956 helped fan the flamed of hope in Hungary and other Eastern Bloc nations. With growing unrest about economic and political fortunes the unpopular Hungarian leader Matyas Rakosi was replaced by Erno Gero. As a gesture of good will, Gero allowed the body of Rajk a communist Hungarian reformer executed by Stalinists in 1949 to be re-buried in Budapest. His burial took place on October 6th 1956. However, rather than easing tensions, this surfaced deeper feelings of resentment held by the Hungarians towards the Soviet system and the many injustices they had faced at their hands.