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KEROS CLASSIFICATION

The Keros classification is a system used in radiology and otolaryngology to assess the depth of the olfactory fossa, which is the area where the olfactory bulbs sit. This classification is based on the length of the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate (LLCP), a thin bony structure in the ethmoid bone. The depth of the olfactory fossa is important for assessing surgical risk, particularly in endoscopic sinus surgery, as deeper fossae are associated with a higher risk of complications such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. Keros Classification: 1. Keros Type I • Depth: 1-3 mm • Description: Shallow olfactory fossa • Significance: This type has the lowest risk for injury to the skull base during surgery due to the shallow depth of the lateral lamella. 2. Keros Type II • Depth: 4-7 mm • Description: Intermediate olfactory fossa depth • Significance: This is the most common type and poses a moderate risk for surgical procedures in the area. 3. Keros Type III • Depth: 8-16 mm • Description: Deep olfactory fossa • Significance: This type has the highest risk of complications during sinus surgery because the greater depth of the lateral lamella increases the risk of penetrating the cranial cavity if damaged. Clinical Importance The Keros classification is essential for surgical planning in the nasal and sinus region. Knowing the type can help surgeons anticipate anatomical challenges and minimize risks during procedures like functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).