អាណានិគមឥណ្ឌូនេស៊ី លើទីម៉រ | The Indonesian occupation of East Timor скачать в хорошем качестве

អាណានិគមឥណ្ឌូនេស៊ី លើទីម៉រ | The Indonesian occupation of East Timor

The Indonesian occupation of East Timor, also known as Timor Leste, began on 7 December 1975 and lasted until October 1999. Here’s a brief overview of the occupation: 1. Background: After centuries of Portuguese colonial rule, the 1974 Carnation Revolution in Portugal led to the decolonization of its former colonies, including East Timor, creating instability and leaving its future uncertain1. 2. Invasion: The Indonesian military invaded East Timor under the pretext of anti-colonialism and anti-communism to overthrow the Fretilin regime that had emerged in 1974. This invasion was known in Indonesia as Operation Lotus (Operasi Seroja)2. 3. Indonesian Hegemony: The occupation was marked by a policy of integration with Indonesia, with East Timor being declared as Indonesia’s 27th province. However, this period was also characterized by widespread human rights abuses and conflict1. 4. International Response: The occupation drew international condemnation, particularly after the Dili Massacre in 1991, where Indonesian forces killed hundreds of East Timorese protestors. This event significantly increased international attention and support for East Timor’s independence1. 5. End of Occupation: The occupation ended following a UN-supervised referendum in 1999, in which an overwhelming majority of East Timorese voted for independence. This led to a period of UN administration until East Timor’s full sovereignty was established in 20021. The occupation resulted in significant loss of life, with estimates ranging from 100,000 to 300,000 deaths due to violence, famine, and disease. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor documented a minimum estimate of 102,000 conflict-related deaths throughout the entire period from 1974 to 1999, including 18,600 violent killings and 84,200 deaths from disease and starvation. Indonesian forces and their auxiliaries were responsible for 70% of the killings